Democracy
-
Cover image for event

Professor Karnit Flug served the the Governor of the Bank of Israel from 2013 to 2018, overseeing the stability of the country's financial system and advising the Israeli government on economic policy, taxation, and growth strategies. In a career spanning four decades, Professor Flug has gained an unparalled insider's view into the stucture, strengths, vulnerabilities, and possible trajectories of the Israeli economy. After two years of war and growing international challenges, where is the Israeli economy now and where might it be going? Join Amichai Magen in conversation with Karnit Flug. 

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Karnit Flug is the William Davidson Senior Fellow for Economic Policy at the Center for Governance and the Economy at the Israel Democracy Institute. After she completed her five-year term as Governor of the Bank of Israel in 2018, she joined the Department of Economics at Hebrew University. Prior to her appointment as Governor, Flug was the Bank of Israel’s Deputy Governor. Previously, Flug was Director of the Research Department and Chief Economist of the Bank of Israel. She published numerous papers on macroeconomic policies, the labor market, balance of payments and social policies. She was an economist at the International Monetary Fund, before returning to Israel to join the Research Department of the Bank of Israel. She also worked at the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington D.C. as a Senior Research Economist. She served on a number of public and government committees, including the Committee on Increasing Competitiveness in the Economy, the Committee for Social and Economic Change ("the Trajtenberg Committee"), the Defense Budget. Flug received her M.A. (cum laude) in Economics from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and her Ph.D. in Economics from Columbia University.

Virtual Event Only.

Amichai Magen
Amichai Magen

Virtual Only Event.

Karnit Flug
Seminars

Join us for our next webinar with Karnit Flug, the William Davidson Senior Fellow for Economic Policy at the Center for Governance and the Economy at the Israel Democracy Institute, on Wednesday, February 11, at 10:00 am PT.

News Feed Image
Karnit Event.jpg
Date Label
-
Cover image for event

The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran turned what were formerly close allies into mortal enemies. For decades after the revolution, Iran and Israel fought each other in the shadows - through clandestine operations and proxies - but avoided direct military confrontation. This changed dramatically over the past two years. With Iran on the verge of nuclear breakout, the Islamic Republic launched hundreds of ballistic missiles against Israel in April and October of 2024. Having coordinated its response closely with the United States, Israel struck back in June 2025, aiming to destroy Iran’s ballistic missile stockpiles and set back its nuclear program. What were the actual outcomes of the 12-day Iran-Israel war? Is Iran more motivated than ever to acquire nuclear weapons? And what comes next in the Iran-Israel conflict? Join Or Rabinowitz in conversation with Sima Shine and Raz Zimmt. 

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS

Sima Shine is a Senior Researcher and former Director of the research program "Iran and the Shiite Axis" at the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS). For most of her career, Ms. Shine served in the Israeli Intelligence Community. Her last position was Head of the Research & Evaluation Division of the Mossad (2003-2007).  After her retirement from the Mossad, Shine served as Deputy Head of Strategic Affairs in Israel's National Security Council (2008-2009) and then (2009 -2016) served in the Ministry of Strategic Affairs, where she was responsible, inter alia, for the Iranian file and was deputy Director General.

Dr. Raz Zimmt is the Director of the Iran and the Shiite Axis research program at the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS). He is also the co-editor of the institute’s journal, Strategic Assessment. He holds a master's degree and a Ph.D. in Middle Eastern history from Tel Aviv University. His Ph.D. dissertation focused on Iranian policy towards Nasserism and Arab radicalism between 1954 and 1967. Additionally, he is a research fellow at the Alliance Center for Iranian Studies at Tel-Aviv University. He is the author of the book “Iran From Within: State and Society in the Islamic Republic," published (in Hebrew) in 2022, and has published extensively on Iranian politics, society, and foreign policy. He has also regularly provided expert commentary to Israeli and international media. Dr. Zimmt is a veteran Iran watcher in the Israeli Defense Forces, where he served for more than two decades.

Virtual Event Only.

Or Rabinowitz

Virtual Only Event.

Sima Shine
Raz Zimmt
Seminars
Date Label
-
Emmanuel Navon webinar

French-born Israeli political scientist, author, and foreign policy expert, Emmanuel Navon is the author of several books, including The Star and the Scepter: A Diplomatic History of Israel, published in 2020 and which has since been translated into French, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, and Mandarin. A comprehensive, historically informed survey of Israel's external relations, The Star and the Scepter provides a unique vantage point from which to explore the past, present, and possible futures of Israel's place in the world. Join Amichai Magen in conversation with Emmanuel Navon.

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Dr. Emmanuel Navon lectures in International Relations at Tel Aviv University, is a Senior Fellow at the Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security (JISS) and is a foreign affairs analyst for i24news. The author of four books, he has published in leading IR journals, and his commentary has appeared in outlets such as Le Monde and Newsweek. Previously, Navon served as CEO of ELNET-Israel, a public-policy think tank. Dr. Navon was born in Paris, France, and was educated in a bilingual (French/English) school. He graduated in public administration from Sciences-Po. In 1993 he moved to Israel and earned a Ph.D. in international relations from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Virtual Event Only.

Amichai Magen
Amichai Magen

Virtual Only Event.

Emmanuel Navon
Seminars
Date Label
-
Ksenia Svetlova webinar

What has been Israel’s understanding and response to Russia’s assault on Ukraine? How did the Russia-Ukraine war impact Israeli national security and foreign policy? And what strategic lessons should Israel derive from the Russia-Ukraine war for its own national security? Join former Member of Knesset, Ksenia Svetlova, in conversation with Or Rabinowitz.

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Ksenia Svetlova is an Executive Director of ROPES – The Regional Organization for Peace, Economics and Security, an associate fellow at Chatham House, London and a former member of the Israeli Knesset. She focuses on issues of Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Israeli-Arab relations, Russian influence in the Middle East, as well as the regional and international relations of the Middle East. Svetlova has covered the Middle East for fifteen years for Israeli and International media. She reported from Gaza, West Bank, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia and Libya. 

Virtual Event Only.

Or Rabinowitz

Virtual Only Event.

Ksenia Svetlova
Seminars
Israel Studies
Date Label
-
Cover Photo for Event

After a distinguished career in law, public policy, and broadcasting in her native Toronto, Vivian Bercovici served as Canada's Ambassador to Israel from 2014 to 2016. She then made Aliyah, becoming an Israeli citizen and settling in Tel-Aviv. Over the past decade, Bercovici has become a leading commentator on Israeli society and politics, foreign policy, and Israel-Diaspora relations. In February 2023, she founded the State of Tel-Aviv podcast and newsletter. After the October 7th Hamas terrorist attack, Vivian Bercovici moved to Kibbutz Ruchama in the south of Israel, renaming her podcast State of Tel-Aviv and Beyond. Join Amichai Magen in conversation with Vivian Bercovici.

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Vivian Bercovici served as Canada’s Ambassador to Israel from 2014-16 and, in a short time, established herself as a strong, articulate, and forceful commentator and leader on Israeli politics, foreign policy relationships, and the business environment. Prior to her appointment by former PM Stephen Harper as Ambassador, Vivian practiced law in Toronto for 24 years. She was actively involved in the dynamic Jewish community in Toronto, wrote a column on Israel-related issues in The Toronto Star, and taught as an adjunct professor at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law. She currently resides in Israel and is engaged in private business ventures as well as public speaking on issues related to the Middle East, with a particular focus on Israel. 

Virtual Event Only.

Amichai Magen
Amichai Magen

Virtual Only Event.

Vivian Bercovici
Seminars
Date Label
-
Flyer for the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award celebrating Netra News. Text: "To Comfort the Afflicted: Defending Democracy in Bangladesh." Images: in the background, a protest for democracy in the country, August 2024; in the foreground: headshots of the panel speakers.

To Comfort the Afflicted: Defending Democracy in Bangladesh

 

The 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award Honors Netra News and its Founding Editor-in-Chief Tasneem Khalil


As the maxim goes, public interest journalism is about comforting the afflicted and afflicting the comfortable. Since its inception in 2019, Netra News has striven to serve the afflicted in Bangladesh while ceaselessly challenging a one-party police state that engaged in a campaign of enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions. Tasneem Khalil, the editor-in-chief of Netra News, discusses its mission of defending democracy in Bangladesh.

Join Stanford's Asia-Pacific Research Center in celebrating Netra News, winner of the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award for its courageous reportage and efforts to establish and uphold fundamental freedoms in Bangladesh.

Following Khalil's keynote, he will join in conversation with panelists William Dobson, a co-editor of the Journal of Democracy and a member of the selection committee for the Shorenstein Journalism Award, and Professor Elora Shehabuddin, the director of the Chowdhury Center for Bangladesh Studies at UC Berkeley.

Panel Chair: James Hamilton, vice provost for undergraduate education, Hearst Professor of Communication, director of Stanford Journalism Program, Stanford University, and a member of the selection committee for the Shorenstein Journalism Award.

The event will conclude with a Q&A session. It is free and open to all.
Lunch will be provided for registered attendees. 


 

 


Speakers   
 

Tasneem Khalil

Tasneem Khalil, a pioneer of investigative journalism in Bangladesh, is the founding editor-in-chief of the bilingual (English and Bengali) Netra News. Putting the theory of human rights-centric public interest journalism into practice, Netra News stands as Bangladesh's premier independent, non-partisan media outlet. It is committed to establishing and upholding fundamental freedoms in the country via a free press pursuing the truth. Khalil is also the author of Jallad: Death Squads and State Terror in South Asia

William Dobson

William Dobson is the co-editor of the Journal of Democracy. Previously, he was the chief international editor at NPR, where he led the network’s award-winning international coverage and oversaw a team of editors and correspondents in 17 overseas bureaus and Washington, DC. He is the author of The Dictator’s Learning Curve: Inside the Global Battle for Democracy, which examines the struggle between authoritarian regimes and the people who challenge them. It was selected as one of the “best books of the year” by Foreign Affairs, The AtlanticThe Telegraph, and Prospect, and it has been translated into many languages, including Chinese, German, Japanese, and Portuguese.

Before joining NPR, Dobson was Slate magazine’s Washington bureau chief, overseeing the magazine’s coverage of politics, jurisprudence, and international news. Previously, he served as the Managing Editor of Foreign Policy, overseeing the editorial planning of its award-winning magazine, website, and nine foreign editions. Earlier in his career, Dobson served as Newsweek International’s Asia editor, managing a team of correspondents in more than 15 countries. His articles and essays have appeared in the New York TimesWashington PostFinancial TimesWall Street Journal, and elsewhere. He has also served as a visiting scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Dobson holds a law degree from Harvard Law School and a Master’s degree in East Asian Studies from Harvard University. He received his Bachelor’s degree, summa cum laude, from Middlebury College.

Elora Shehabuddin

Elora Shehabuddin is a professor of gender & women's studies, equity advisor in gender & women's studies, director of the Global Studies Program, and director of the Subir and Malini Chowdhury Center for Bangladesh Studies, all at the University of California, Berkeley. Before moving to Berkeley in 2022, she was a professor of transnational Asian studies and core faculty in the Center for the Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality at Rice University. She was an assistant professor of women's studies and political science at UC Irvine from 1999 to 2001. She received her bachelor's degree in social studies from Harvard University and her doctorate in politics from Princeton University.

She is the author of Sisters in the Mirror: A History of Muslim Women and the Global Politics of Feminism (University of California Press, 2021), Reshaping the Holy: Democracy, Development, and Muslim Women in Bangladesh (Columbia University Press, 2008), and Empowering Rural Women: The Impact of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh (Grameen Bank, 1992). She has published articles in Meridians, Signs, Journal of Women's History, History of the Present, Economic & Political Weekly, Modern Asian Studies, Südasien-Chronik [South Asia Chronicle], Journal of Bangladesh Studies, and Asian Survey, as well as chapters in numerous edited volumes. She was a guest co-editor of a special issue of Feminist Economics on “Gender and Economics in Muslim Communities.” She is co-editor of the Journal of Bangladesh Studies and serves on the editorial board of a new Cambridge University Press book series titled "Muslim South Asia."

Panel Chair
 

James Hamilton

James T. Hamilton is vice provost for undergraduate education, the Hearst Professor of Communication, and director of the Journalism Program at Stanford University. His books on media markets and information provision include All the News That’s Fit to Sell: How the Market Transforms Information into News (Princeton, 2004), Regulation Through Revelation: The Origin, Politics, and Impacts of the Toxics Release Inventory Program (Cambridge, 2005), and Channeling Violence: The Economic Market for Violent Television Programming (Princeton, 1998). His most recent book, Democracy’s Detectives: The Economics of Investigative Journalism (Harvard, 2016), focuses on the market for investigative reporting. Through research in the field of computational journalism, he is exploring how the costs of story discovery can be lowered through better use of data and algorithms. Hamilton is co-founder of the Stanford Computational Journalism Lab, senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, affiliated faculty at the Brown Institute for Media Innovation, and member of the JSK Fellowships Board of Visitors.

For his accomplishments in research, he has won awards such as the David N Kershaw Award of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, the Goldsmith Book Prize from the Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center (twice), the Frank Luther Mott Research Award (twice), and a Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences Fellowship. Teaching awards from Harvard, Duke, and Stanford include the Allyn Young Prize for Excellence in Teaching the Principles of Economics, Trinity College Distinguished Teaching Award, Bass Society of Fellows, Susan Tifft Undergraduate Teaching and Mentoring Award, and School of Humanities and Sciences Dean’s Award for Distinguished Teaching.

Before joining the Stanford faculty, Hamilton taught at Duke University’s Sanford School of Public Policy, where he directed the De Witt Wallace Center for Media and Democracy. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics and government (summa cum laude) and a doctorate in economics, both from Harvard University.

James Hamilton


Fisher Conference Center
Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center
Stanford University
326 Galvez Street, Stanford, CA

Tasneem Khalil
William Dobson
Elora Shehabuddin
Panel Discussions
Date Label
Paragraphs

Citizens in authoritarian regimes frequently communicate grievances to the government. While there is some evidence that governments respond to such petitions, little is known about the nature of this responsiveness: can petitions influence resource allocation and yield tangible improvements to citizens’ livelihoods? To answer this question, we assemble a novel panel of housing-related petitions to the government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and all housing constructed between 1945 and 1989. Exploiting the timing of the largest housing program in 1971, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to show that construction was targeted at regions with higher rates of petitioning. We then use a variance decomposition method to benchmark petitions against objective indicators of housing need. Our results suggest that petitions allow citizens to meaningfully influence the allocation of public resources. The paper contributes to nascent scholarship on responsiveness in non-democratic regimes by linking responsiveness to tangible improvements in citizens’ livelihoods.

All Publications button
1
Publication Type
Journal Articles
Publication Date
Journal Publisher
Comparative Political Studies
Authors
Paragraphs

Lee Jae-myung of the Democratic Party won South Korea’s June 3 presidential election with 49.4 percent of the vote. The outcome was widely anticipated, given a political climate that strongly favored the liberal camp in the aftermath of the impeachment of President Yoon Suk Yeol. Still, Lee’s victory was not as overwhelming as some might have expected. With 99.6 percent of the votes tallied, the two main conservative candidates — Kim Moon-soo and Lee Jun-seok — together garnered a slightly higher combined vote share of 49.5 percent (41.2 percent and 8.3 percent, respectively) Why, then, did Korean voters ultimately choose Lee Jae-myung but with a measured endorsement rather than a landslide victory, and what does it mean for Korean democracy?

This election followed a period of intense political turmoil that began with President Yoon’s declaration of martial law on December 3 of last year and his impeachment just two months ago. While the election results were expected, they still raise important questions about the future of Korean democracy. Do the last six months reflect the resilience of democratic institutions — capable of self-correction through legal and electoral processes — or, have these events exposed the fragility of Korea’s democracy, with its deep political divisions and public distrust in leadership?

In many ways, the answer is both. Civic engagement and a peaceful transfer of power during such a challenging episode suggest a strong democratic foundation. At the same time, the election outcome still shows a highly polarized electorate, underscoring the hurdles that lie ahead for Korean society and politics.

Continue reading the complete piece > 

All Publications button
1
Publication Type
Commentary
Publication Date
Subtitle

Despite his election victory, Lee faces a challenging road ahead, both personally and politically. It remains to be seen whether Lee’s administration can rise above partisan politics and rebuild public trust through meaningful reforms.

Journal Publisher
Journal of Democracy
Authors
Gi-Wook Shin
Authors
News Type
News
Date
Paragraphs

Motivation & Contribution


Over the past 10-15 years, both longstanding and relatively new democracies have suffered from backsliding and erosion, including India, the United States, Brazil, Turkey, and many others. Many social scientists have explained this wave of backsliding in terms of either (a) elected autocrats who undermine democracy from within or (b) declining popular support for democrats who have failed to deliver economic growth and prosperity. However, recent scholarship by Thomas Carothers and Brendan Hartnett has questioned the wisdom of the latter. For example, India enjoyed strong economic growth prior to its backsliding under Narendra Modi.

In “Delivering for Democracy,” Francis Fukuyama, Chris Dann, and Beatriz Magaloni set out to more systematically evaluate the evidence connecting popular support for democracy with delivery, examining both backsliding and non-backsliding countries. After finding preliminary evidence for the democracy-delivery relationship, they offer an explanation of why delivery is simultaneously so important and so elusive under democratic governance.

Evidence


Using ten data sources covering 650,000 people in both old and new democracies, the authors find a strong, positive correlation between satisfaction with democracy and economic performance. This relationship holds not only for many countries at one point in time but for pairs of countries over time. In two developing democracies — Argentina and Brazil — as well as in two developed democracies — Greece and Spain — satisfaction and delivery have been closely connected since 2005, plummeting during economic crises and rising during periods of prosperity. These patterns call for an explanation for why voters care so much about delivery, such that they may be willing to sacrifice their democratic freedoms for it.
 


 

Image
Graphs showing satisfaction with democracy and growth rate in Argentina and Brazil

 

Image
Graphs showing satisfaction with democracy and growth rate in Greece and Spain

 



The Argument


Delivery is Important

The authors begin from the axiom that stable political life depends upon citizens perceiving their governments as legitimate. Legitimacy can be thought of in terms of both performance — the effective delivery of goods and services — and procedure, which encompasses policies that reflect the democratic will of the people. As the examples of China, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Singapore show, however, plenty of autocracies and backsliding democracies have not only delivered, but have also arguably outperformed their democratic peers. From China’s Belt and Road Initiative to Turkey’s Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, authoritarian leaders and ruling parties have achieved remarkable performance legitimacy. 

Although autocracies, by definition, cannot be procedurally legitimate, this may carry little weight for democratic citizens who experience prolonged unemployment or must deal with dilapidated infrastructure. Indeed, public engagement through procedural channels — such as voting or jury service — has steadily declined across the democratic world. Democratic voters are increasingly willing to support outsider candidates who build new infrastructure or promise to fight crime, but who nonetheless restrict their political freedoms. Many citizens of El Salvador — which now claims the world’s highest incarceration rate — continue to view Nayib Bukele’s administration as the surest way of delivering security, despite a years-long state of emergency that has seriously eroded democratic freedoms. 

Meanwhile, established democracies built much of their infrastructure decades ago, so investments primarily maintain these systems, rather than showcasing new projects that can garner public support. In some cases, democracies have struggled to even maintain their existing infrastructure, perhaps best exemplified by the collapse of Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge. All of this creates the conditions for voters to support far-right, anti-democratic parties, which often blame immigrants for economic problems and propose illiberal solutions.

Yet Democratic Delivery is Difficult

Elected democrats seeking to deliver may find themselves hamstrung in ways that autocrats are not. For one, democratic institutions are composed of ‘veto players’ who can stymie the introduction of badly needed policies: national and subnational governments, multiple legislative chambers, judges who review and overturn executive action, and so on. At the same time, democrats must worry about election cycles and term limits, decreasing their incentives to deliver for the long term when later politicians may take credit. Meanwhile, legal and regulatory systems, such as those intended to protect the environment, may prevent the building of critical infrastructure. Property rights prevent the forcible displacement of communities for development, while civil liberties prevent the repression of those who refuse to be displaced. Rules meant to prevent regulatory capture often become arenas where powerful interest groups block and delay government action. 

Independent news media present another potential impediment to delivery, as criticism from journalists can make incumbents wary of undertaking new projects. In addition, media bias can convince voters to remove politicians who do, in fact, deliver. By contrast, autocrats who censor media and arrest journalists can focus on delivery alone, even while their development schemes often rest on corrupt and nepotistic practices. Popular discontent with democratic government ultimately creates a damaging feedback loop: voters are unwilling to fund government projects, in turn leading government to function worse, generating further discontent.
 


Autocrats have figured out ways to deliver the goods and services their citizens want, but this does not make autocracy a just political system.


Prospects


Autocrats have figured out ways to deliver the goods and services their citizens want, but this does not make autocracy a just political system. By the same token, democracies may struggle to deliver, but their procedural legitimacy — especially voters’ ability to hold representatives to account — entails a powerful means of generating fair and inclusive delivery. As such, the authors call on democracies to examine their past and that of their peer countries — both developed and developing — for inspiration. For example, the U.S. New Deal was exemplary in building ambitious and popular infrastructure, as well as providing broad social and economic protections. (Of course, most of these projects would be hamstrung by modern-day regulatory frameworks.)

Meanwhile, Australia’s citizens have both benefited from a recent infrastructure boom and have demonstrated strong support for democracy. Finally, many Latin American countries have implemented popular and effective programs like conditional cash transfers. For the authors, addressing the issues most pressing to voters — such as job creation, which is especially salient to young people, who are most dissatisfied with democracy — will require democratic governments to strike the right balance between democracy and delivery.

*Research-in-Brief prepared by Adam Fefer.

Hero Image
Group of people protesting in Ibadan, Nigeria, holding a sign reading "#EndSARS #EndBadGov"
Group of people protesting in Ibadan, Nigeria. | Oladipo Adejumo via Unsplash
All News button
0
Subtitle

CDDRL Research-in-Brief [4-minute read]

Date Label
-
Tragedy, Triumph, or Both? Israel After Two Years of War — Webinar with Nadav Eyal

Join us for a special webinar marking two years since the October 7th Hamas attack on Israel and the subsequent multi-front war in the Middle East. The webinar will examine the impact of the ongoing conflict, assess the major geopolitical shifts that have unfolded in the region in the past two years, and identify scenarios for how the war might end. Featuring Amichai Magen, Visiting Fellow in Israel Studies, in conversation with Nadav Eyal, Senior Columnist at Israel's largest daily newspaper, Yedioth Ahronoth.

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Nadav Eyal is one of Israel's most prominent journalists and a winner of the Sokolov Award — Israel's equivalent of the Pulitzer Prize. He writes columns for Yediot Ahronot and Ynet. Beginning on October 7, 2023, he has focused his work on the massacres perpetrated in Israel and the subsequent war in Gaza and the northern border of Israel. He also serves as a senior commentator for Israel’s Channel 12. Eyal authored the bestseller REVOLT, the Worldwide Uprising Against Globalization. In 2023, Eyal published HOW DEMOCRACY WINS (if it does). Eyal has held senior positions in major Israeli media groups and interviewed Israeli prime ministers and foreign heads of state. He is the chairman of the Movement for Freedom of Information, an Israeli NGO dedicated to promoting transparency and accountability, aiming to foster a more open, democratic, and accountable society. He earned an MSc in Global Politics from the London School of Economics and Political Science (with merit) as a Chevening Scholar and an LL.B. from Hebrew University (magna cum laude). He received the B'nai B'rith World Center Award for Journalism.

Virtual Event Only.

Amichai Magen
Amichai Magen

Virtual Only Event.

Nadav Eyal
Seminars
Date Label
Subscribe to Democracy