Democracy
1
Visiting Scholar at APARC, Fall 2025
byongjin_ahn.jpg Ph.D.

Byongjin Ahn joined the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) as a visiting scholar for the 2025 fall quarter. He recently served at the State Affairs Planning Committee (equivalent to the transition team as President Lee had to assume his post immediately after his election in June).

He is currently a professor at Kyung Hee University's Global Academy for Future Civilizations. He has served as the Rector of the Global Academy for the Future of Civilizations at Kyung Hee University, Vice President of Kyung Hee Cyber University, Assistant Professor of International Relations at Changwon National University, and Lecturer at the City University of New York. Born in Daegu (1967), he earned a B.A. in sociology from Sogang University and an M.A. in political science from Seoul National University. He earned his Ph.D. in American politics from the New School for Social Research, founded by John Dewey. For his dissertation, he was awarded the Hannah Arendt Award.

His main specialty is the U.S. presidency and Korean politics, and he has appeared on numerous television programs and newspapers, including a panel on the U.S. presidential election specials on MBC and SBS and an interview with the New York Times. He has been a regular columnist for the JoongAng Ilbo, Kyunghyang Shinmun, and Hankyoreh, and a guest commentator for KBS. He is a co-author of South Korea's Democracy In Crisis: The Threats of Illiberalism, Populism, and Polarization (Gi-Wook Shin and Ho-Ki Kim Eds, Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, 2022) and many other books and articles. 

Date Label
Authors
Aurelia Leowinata
News Type
News
Date
Paragraphs

In the wake of Venezuela’s 2024 presidential election — marred by widespread fraud to ensure Nicolás Maduro’s re-election over opposition candidates Edmundo González and María Corina Machado — the regime has escalated its repression of political dissent. In the aftermath of the election, the regime arrested over 2,400 people. More than 807 political prisoners remain unjustly detained, including 95 women, 4 minors, and over 83 foreign nationals. These individuals, many held as leverage in international negotiations, are subjected to degrading conditions and denied due process.

Amongst them is Jesús Armas, a 2022 Fisher Family Summer Fellow at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) and a recently admitted student to Stanford’s Ford Dorsey Master’s in International Policy program (MIP). As a key campaign organizer for González and Machado, Jesús promoted civic participation and democratic unity in Caracas. He has now been held incommunicado, in conditions of physical and legal abuse, for over eight months. His arrest is emblematic of the Maduro regime’s broader strategy to silence opposition and dismantle civil society.

On August 4, 2025 Fisher Family Summer Fellows Lilian Tintori and Waleed Shawky joined Gulika Reddy, Director of the International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic at Stanford Law School (SLS), for a panel on how local and global communities can support political prisoners and their families. As Beatriz Magaloni, Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations, stated in her opening remarks: “This event should act as a call to action for deeper reflection and justice.”

CDDRL faculty wear shirts that read "Liberen a Jesús Armas"
CDDRL faculty standing in solidarity with Jesús Armas and political prisoners around the world. | Nora Sulots

Strategies for Release


Lilian Tintori, an internationally recognized human rights advocate and the wife of former political prisoner Leopoldo López (the 2022 Robert G. Wesson Lecturer in International Relations Theory and Practice at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies), spoke candidly about her seven-year struggle to secure her husband’s release. “It is not easy,” she stated, “You become the voice of the political prisoner. You can’t talk, you have to scream in every crevice, every place, every moment you get.” 

Tintori argues that the most important aspect for release is a community of resilience, which is to provide mental health and emotional support to political prisoners’ families, as they cannot act as the voice if they feel broken themselves. At the heart of this strength, she argued, is love. In her efforts, she now distributes the Pathway to Freedom handbook, produced through her organization, the World Liberty Congress, to help families navigate the grueling road to release.

“Torture only occurs because the Maduro regime knows we are the majority,” Tintori clarified. Since the beginning of 2025, five political prisoners in Venezuela have died in custody. Tintori emphasized the importance of protecting the life of the person being detained — the human being behind the titles of activist, mayor, or opposition leader, beyond a simple number. To raise awareness about political prisoners alike, Tintori often employs the strategy of always mentioning “other political prisoners” after their loved ones’ names. This keeps the broader community of victims in public consciousness.

With international and local channels to plead for help closing, such as the EU or historically, the U.S., all three panelists stressed that silence is not an option for all communities — including academic spheres — and the broader public. Tintori testified that after public pressure, the regimes do pay attention and often send proof of life to suppress further outrage, hence helping to protect prisoners until their release.

You become the voice of the political prisoner. You can’t talk, you have to scream in every crevice, every place, every moment you get.
Lilian Tintori

Ways to Support A Political Prisoner 


Having been a political prisoner himself after co-founding the April 6th Youth Movement in Egypt, Waleed Shawky recounted what he believed carried him through his time behind bars — the cause he fought for. Upholding the values and vision that led to their arrest, he argued, can provide hope and dignity in the most inhumane conditions. “Being a victim is a choice as a prisoner, because you can choose to be a survivor,” Shawky asserted, “It is important to remind them of the bigger picture.” 

Echoing Tintori’s previous statements, Shawky praised the courage of the families, particularly women, who visit and support prisoners, often at great personal risk. He also warned against idolizing or victimizing political prisoners. “They’re human,” he emphasized. “Don’t cry in front of them. Be strong; they need your strength.”

[Political prisoners are] human. Don’t cry in front of them. Be strong; they need your strength.
Waleed Shawky

Authoritarian Crackdowns and Resistance


Gulika Reddy highlighted the challenges advocates operating in authoritarian contexts face and how they navigate these challenges. She broke it down into three different categories: movements, organizations, and individuals.

  • Movements are often delegitimized and co-opted. Reddy stressed the importance of engaging in grounded movement building, offering counter-narratives to sustain public trust, and fostering solidarity and collective action.

  • At the organizational level, regimes may block formal registration, restrict funding, and launch physical or digital attacks — including office raids and data seizures. To survive these assaults, organizations can diversify financial models, invest in digital security, and cultivate collective care to mitigate burnout and trauma. Additionally, there is a need to adopt diverse theories of change in contexts where traditional human rights tactics prove ineffective.

  • For individuals, threats include intimidation and retaliation, which can also extend to their loved ones. Reddy recommended conducting risk assessments and creating mitigation and response plans, including access to free legal aid and safe housing.


What we learned from our speakers is clear: authoritarianism thrives on silence, but freedom depends on our voices. For political prisoners around the world, solidarity, resilience, and an unwavering defense of human dignity are not just ideals; they are lifelines that can bring them home.

Read More

Jesus Armas participates in the 2022 Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program at CDDRL
News

Statement Demanding the Immediate Release of Jesús Armas (FFSF 2022, Venezuela)

A joint statement from the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) and the Ford Dorsey Master’s in International Policy program (MIP) at Stanford University.
Statement Demanding the Immediate Release of Jesús Armas (FFSF 2022, Venezuela)
Leopoldo López
News

“Venezuela can be the spark for a fourth wave of democratization,” says Leopoldo López

López, a political leader and prominent advocate for democracy in Venezuela, shared his vision for uniting global efforts to champion freedom and push back against authoritarianism with a Stanford audience on December 2, 2024.
“Venezuela can be the spark for a fourth wave of democratization,” says Leopoldo López
María Corina Machado spoke to a Stanford audience in a special video address on November 18, and engaged in a conversation with Larry Diamond.
News

Venezuela: Cultivating Democratic Resilience Against Authoritarianism

María Corina Machado, the leader of the Venezuelan pro-democracy movement, suggests that a strong international response to Venezuelan authoritarianism will help overcome electoral fraud against democracy in her country.
Venezuela: Cultivating Democratic Resilience Against Authoritarianism
Hero Image
Lilian Tintori, Waleed Shawky, and Gulika Reddy
Lilian Tintori, Waleed Shawky, and Gulika Reddy spoke to a Stanford audience about strategies to support political prisoners in a panel discussion on August 4, 2025.
Nora Sulots
All News button
1
Subtitle

A panel discussion featuring 2025 Fisher Family Summer Fellows Lilian Tintori and Waleed Shawky, along with Gulika Reddy, Director of the International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic at Stanford Law School, explored the human cost of political imprisonment, the barriers advocates face, and the strategies available to combat them.

Date Label
0
CDDRL Honors Student, 2025-26
ggp_-_garry_piepenbrock.jpeg

Major: Economics & Political Science
Minor: Mathematics
Hometown: Boston, Massachusetts & Oxford, UK
Thesis Advisor: Larry Diamond & Javier Mejia

Tentative Thesis Title: Toward a Theory of the Evolution of the Global Political Economy: Varieties of Democracy, Development and Law

Future aspirations post-Stanford: I would like to undertake a joint JD/PhD in political economy and to work in the academy, public, and private sectors.

A fun fact about yourself: I was the youngest person in UK history to litigate on behalf of the disabled in the High Court, Court of Appeal and Employment Tribunal, where I cross-examined a dozen senior leaders of a $500 million organization in a 40-day trial for an ongoing four-year, multi-million dollar lawsuit, in which I have been acting on a pro bono basis.

Date Label
0
CDDRL Honors Student, 2025-26
ben_kinder.jpg

Major: Public Policy and Data Science & Social Systems
Minor: Jewish Studies
Hometown: Mercer Island, Washington 
Thesis Advisor: Hakeem Jefferson

Tentative Thesis Title: The Impact of Electoral Systems on Political Representation

Future aspirations post-Stanford: After Stanford, I'm planning on pursuing a Ph.D. in the social sciences.

A fun fact about yourself: I play the French Horn in the Stanford Wind Symphony!

Date Label
0
CDDRL Honors Student, 2025-26
dgg_headshot_-_dani_gonzalez-gaubeka.jpg

Major: International Relations
Minor: European Studies
Hometown: Palo Alto, California
Thesis Advisor: Anna Grzymała-Busse

Tentative Thesis Title: A Pact to Forget and the Fight to Remember: The Shifting Landscape of Democratic Memory Politics in Spain

Future aspirations post-Stanford: I look forward to returning to Europe to continue my study of politics and international affairs by pursuing a master’s degree. I may then pursue a PhD or begin a career in public policy.

A fun fact about yourself: I dance with XTRM, Stanford’s K-Pop dance team!

Date Label
0
CDDRL Honors Student, 2025-26
zoya_fasihuddin.jpg

Major: Economics
Minor: Human Rights
Hometown: Karachi, Pakistan
Thesis Advisor: Mona Tajali

Tentative Thesis Title: From Dhabas to Mosques to Walls: A Cross Comparative Analysis of Women’s Campaigns for the Right to Public Spaces in Muslim-Majority Countries

Future aspirations post-Stanford: I’m interested in a variety of different fields, including policy research, strategy, law, and academia, and essentially want to work at the intersection of human rights, business, and international policy. Whether pursuing an MA in International Development or even doing a joint JD-MBA, I definitely want to keep learning and writing.

A fun fact about yourself: I went to 7 weddings this December!

Date Label

Encina Hall, E102
616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

0
img_4495_-_ricky_hernandez_marquez.jpg

Ricky is a Social Science Research Professional at the Deliberative Democracy Lab, where he helps generate insights from Deliberative Polling events around the world. He studied Public Policy at Duke University and is interested in policy related to human development — democracy, economic security, and social welfare. His current work involves data preparation and workflow automation.

Social Science Research Professional, Deliberative Democracy Lab
Date Label

Encina Hall, E111
616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

0
CDDRL Predoctoral Fellow, 2025-26
hanna_folsz_-_hanna_folsz.jpg

Hanna Folsz is a PhD candidate in Political Science at Stanford University. Her research focuses on opposition parties in authoritarian dominant-party regimes, with a particular focus on the challenges and opportunities they face in countering autocratization. More broadly, her work examines the causes and consequences of democratic backsliding, populism, media capture, and political favoritism — primarily in East-Central Europe and, secondarily, in Latin America. She uses a multi-method approach, including modern causal inference and text analysis techniques.

Her research has been supported by the National Science Foundation and the American Political Science Association, among others. She is the co-founder and co-organizer of EEPGW, a monthly online graduate student workshop on East European politics, and a co-founder and regular contributor to The Hungarian Observer, the most widely read online newsletter on Hungarian politics and culture. At Stanford, she is an active member of  CDDRL's Poverty, Violence, and Governance Lab (PovGov).

Date Label

Encina Hall, E106
616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

0
Einstein-Moos Postdoctoral Fellow, 2025-26
oren_samet.jpg

Oren Samet is the Einstein Moos Postdoctoral Fellow at Stanford’s Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (2025-26) and will be an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Rice University beginning in 2026.

His research centers on the international dimensions of authoritarian politics and democratization, with a particular emphasis on opposition politics and a regional focus on Southeast Asia. His book project examines the success and strategies of opposition parties, focusing on the international activities of these actors in authoritarian contexts. Other work focuses on opposition competition in authoritarian elections, processes of autocratization, and contemporary challenges of international democracy promotion and governance aid. His academic work has been published in the American Journal of Political Science, Comparative Political Studies, and Political Communication, and his other writing has been published in outlets including Foreign Policy, Slate, and World Politics Review.

Before entering academia, Oren was based in Bangkok, Thailand, where he served as the Research and Advocacy Director of ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights, working with politicians and civil society leaders across Southeast Asia. He previously worked as a Junior Fellow in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and a B.A. from Princeton University’s School of Public and International Affairs.

Date Label
-
Pathways to Freedom: Defending Political Prisoners and Democracy

The Stanford community is invited to join the Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law on Monday, August 4, for an important conversation about democracy, human rights, and political prisoners worldwide.

Authoritarian regimes across the globe are increasingly using political imprisonment as a strategic weapon. Far beyond isolated acts of repression, political prisoners serve autocrats in multiple ways: they silence vocal dissidents, fracture organized opposition, deter mass mobilization, and are often used as bargaining chips in international negotiations. These regimes understand that imprisoning individuals can sow fear and demoralize broader movements without drawing the same global backlash as overt violence.

The case of Jesús Armas — a Venezuelan activist, 2022 Fisher Family Summer Fellow, and recently admitted student to Stanford’s Master’s in International Policy program — illustrates this dynamic. His unjust detention for over seven months, under conditions of isolation and legal abuse, is not an aberration, but part of a systematic strategy to preserve power.

This event will explore not only the barriers advocates face in these environments and the human cost of political imprisonment, but also the strategies available to fight it. Families and advocates of detainees play a crucial frontline role, often navigating trauma, stigma, and bureaucratic barriers while working for their loved ones' release.

PANELISTS:

  • Lilian Tintori: Director of the World Liberty Congress' Pathway to Freedom project; human rights advocate, and leader with first-hand experience as the spouse of a former political prisoner; 2025 Fisher Family Summer Fellow
  • Waleed Shawky: Egyptian human rights researcher and civic activist, co-founder of the April 6th Youth Movement; former political prisoner; 2025 Fisher Family Summer Fellow.
  • Gulika Reddy: Human rights advocate and Director of the International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic at Stanford Law School


Beatriz Magaloni, the Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations and Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, will share opening remarks.

Beatriz Magaloni
Beatriz Magaloni

William J. Perry Conference Room
Encina Hall, Second Floor, Central, C231

Open to Stanford affiliates only. Registration is not required.

Lilian Tintori
Waleed Shawky
Gulika Reddy
Panel Discussions
Date Label
Subscribe to Democracy