International Relations

FSI researchers strive to understand how countries relate to one another, and what policies are needed to achieve global stability and prosperity. International relations experts focus on the challenging U.S.-Russian relationship, the alliance between the U.S. and Japan and the limitations of America’s counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.

Foreign aid is also examined by scholars trying to understand whether money earmarked for health improvements reaches those who need it most. And FSI’s Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center has published on the need for strong South Korean leadership in dealing with its northern neighbor.

FSI researchers also look at the citizens who drive international relations, studying the effects of migration and how borders shape people’s lives. Meanwhile FSI students are very much involved in this area, working with the United Nations in Ethiopia to rethink refugee communities.

Trade is also a key component of international relations, with FSI approaching the topic from a slew of angles and states. The economy of trade is rife for study, with an APARC event on the implications of more open trade policies in Japan, and FSI researchers making sense of who would benefit from a free trade zone between the European Union and the United States.

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Conference Agenda for Day 2, October 9, 2014:


9:00-10:45 AM Chair: Magnus Ilmjärv, Тallinn University

  • Ineta Lipša, Institute of History of Latvia. Interwar History of Latvia: the Gender Aspects
  • Aivars Stranga, University of Latvia. Kārlis Ulmanis' Regime: Politics, Economics, Culture
  • Andres Kasekamp, Tartu University. The Estonian Radical Right in the 1930s: The Collapse of Democracy and the Rise of Authoritarianism. 

11:00 AM – 12:15 PM Chair: David Holloway, Stanford University

  • Arturas Svarauskas, Lithuanian Institute of History. Regime, Society, and Political Tensions in Lithuania, 1938–1940.
  • Magnus Ilmjärv, Тallinn University. Munich Pact and the Baltic States, 1938 – The Fateful Year for the Baltic States.

12:15 – 2:00 PM Break

2:00 – 3:15 PM Chair: Norman Naimark, Stanford University

  • Saulius Sužiedėlis, Millersville University, Pennsylvania. The Nazi Occupation and the Holocaust in Reichskommissariat Ostland: Conflicting Narratives and Memories
  • Uldis Neiburgs, Museum of the Occupation of Latvia. Latvia, Nazi German Occupation, and the Western Allies, 1941–1945

3:30 – 4:45 PM Chair: Gabriella Safran, Stanford

  • Ene Kõresaar, Tartu University. World War II in Estonian Memory and Commemoration
  • Kristina Burinskaitė, The Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania. The KGB Search of War Criminals in the West and the Attempts to Discredit Lithuanian Emigration

 

Conference organizers:  Professors Lazar Fleishman (Slavic Department) and Amir Weiner (History Department)

Sponsored by: Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Office of the Provost, Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford Global Studies Division, The Europe Center, Stanford University Libraries, Division of Literatures, Cultures, & Languages, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, Department of History, Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies, and the Stanford Humanities Center.

 

 

Stauffer Auditorium, Hoover Institution

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Senior Fellow, by courtesy, at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Ward C. Krebs Family Professor
Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution
Professor, by courtesy, of Economics
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Barry R. Weingast is the Ward C. Krebs Family Professor, Department of Political Science, and a Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution. He served as Chair, Department of Political Science, from 1996 through 2001. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.  Weingast’s research focuses on the political foundation of markets, economic reform, and regulation. He has written extensively on problems of political economy of development, federalism and decentralization, legal institutions and the rule of law, and democracy. Weingast is co-author of Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History (with Douglass C. North and John Joseph Wallis, 2009, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) and Analytic Narratives (1998, Princeton). He edited (with Donald Wittman) The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford University Press, 2006). Weingast has won numerous awards, including the William H. Riker Prize, the Heinz Eulau Prize (with Ken Shepsle), the Franklin L. Burdette Pi Sigma Alpha Award (with Kenneth Schultz), and the James L. Barr Memorial Prize in Public Economics.

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Encina Hall
616 Serra Street
Stanford, CA  94305-6165

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Anna Lindh Visiting Scholar at The Europe Center, 2014-2015
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Maria Sjöholm currently holds the position as a post-doc researcher at the Faculty of Law of Stockholm University, Sweden. She is in the process of writing a monograph reviewing the integration of women’s human rights law into regional human rights treaties, analysing the methodological and theoretical frameworks with which such rights have been incorporated into these treaties. Her previous research includes the book “Defining Rape: Emerging Obligations for States under International Law?” (Brill) and an article on the approach by the European Court of Human Rights to human trafficking. She is a member of the Committee on Feminism and International Law of the International Law Association and has taught courses on international human rights law and international criminal law at various universities in Sweden.

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Improving communication and historical education are two of the major recommendations from a final report on a Stanford-hosted dialogue on World War II memories in northeast Asia.

Stanford's Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center convened a dialogue in May with experts from Asia, the United States and Europe to examine World War II reconciliation in Asia. It came at a time of heightened tensions among the governments of China, Japan and South Korea – contentious issues include territorial disputes and the way these societies portray WWII events.

"Each nation in northeast Asia and even the U.S. has selective or divided memories of the past, and does not really understand the views of the other side," said Stanford's Gi-Wook Shin, director of the Shorenstein center and a lead organizer of the event.

Stanford's two-day session was a culmination of a multi-year project that Shin and associate director Daniel Sneider organized. That effort has also yielded three books, and Shin and Sneider have another co-written volume under way on the subject. The research center is part of Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.

A path to peace

The report, "Wartime History Issues in Asia: Pathways to Reconciliation," suggests the countries involved take the following steps:

  • Create supplementary teaching materials: Based on Stanford's Divided Memories and Reconciliation project, supplementary curricula could highlight how the WWII period is treated in Chinese, Japanese, South Korean and American textbooks. An alternative approach would be to focus on two or three thorny WWII themes, such as the Nanjing massacre, the atomic bombing of Japanese cities and forced labor.
  • Launch history dialogues: Ongoing conversations among Asian, American and European historians could highlight specific WWII events or contentious issues. The dialogue could be broadened into an international setting with more European participation.
  • Offer educational forums: Public and open educational forums could be held so historians could offer various perspectives on WWII issues to journalists, policy makers and college students.
  • Conduct museum exchanges: A dialogue among museum professionals in Asia and even the United States and Europe could create historically accurate narratives for those museums dealing with reconciliation issues. One idea would be to create a model museum wholly dedicated to WWII reconciliation in Asia.
  • Increase student exchanges: Large-scale middle and high school student exchanges among China, Japan and South Korea could build educational and cultural bridges among these nations.

"A balanced historical education with a better understanding of the perspective of the other side is urgently needed," Shin said.

He said that for China and Korea, Japanese acts of aggression – such as the Nanjing massacre or forced labor and sexual slavery – constitute the most crucial element in their colonial and wartime memories.

"Korea and China are a less significant element in Japan's memories, while Japan looms large in theirs," said Shin.

For Japan, Shin added, U.S. actions such as the fire-bombings of Japanese cities or the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are more important.

Europe provides a model

Scholars from China, Japan, South Korea, Europe and the United States, including Stanford University faculty members, participated in the conference. Most of them have significant experience on reconciling wartime history issues.

Because WWII reconciliation in Europe has been largely successful, scholars from that continent were an integral part of the Stanford talks. In particular, Germany has engaged in robust history textbook revisions and exchanges with France, Poland and other countries.

Along with the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, the Stanford dialogue was co-sponsored by the Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat, an international organization in Seoul established by the governments of China, Japan and South Korea in 2011 to promote peace and prosperity.

Shin said that governments and civil organizations alike should work together to bring about healing and reconciliation necessary for peace and prosperity in Asia. The media and political leadership can play important roles.

"Reconciliation will also benefit the U.S., which has huge interests in the region," he added.

The rise of nationalism among youth in China, Japan and South Korea is dangerous, the report stated: "Dialogue among youth of the different nations is needed, along with an appreciation for the diversity of views and the complexity of history."

"The Stanford dialogue could launch a new effort to resolve wartime history issues in the region," according to the report.

Clifton Parker is a writer for the Stanford News Service.

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Dialogue participants gather outside Encina Hall.
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Shorenstein APARCStanford UniversityEncina Hall, Room E301Stanford,  CA  94305-6055
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Koret Fellow, 2014-2015
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Yeon-Cheon Oh, former president of Seoul National University (SNU), joined the the Korea Program at the Shorentein Asia-Pacific Research Center as the 2014–15 Koret Fellow.

Oh will focus on analyzing the significant changes in the history of East Asia since the late 19th century, and in the process, identify forces endemic to East Asian politics, economy and culture as well as their limitations, thereby attempting to create a model for “Asian Values.” He aims to create a new paradigm for higher education that will actively foster leaders who can contribute to the peace and prosperity of humanity, and also propose new alternative policies.

Oh has an extensive career as a university administrator, professor and in leadership positions in South Korea’s civil service. He was the 25th president of SNU (2010­–2014) and chairman of the Board of Trustees. Before then, he taught at SNU’s Graduate School of Public Administration from 1983 to 2010, and also served as the dean of that school from 2000 to 2004. His main areas of research include applied public economy and financial management.

Outside academia, Oh served as the chairman of the Committee of Industry Development Deliberation, Ministry of Knowledge Economics, from 2007 to 2009; board member of ITEP, Ministry of Commerce, from 2005 to 2009; and chief of ICT, Policy Review Committee, Ministry of Information and Communication, from 2003 to 2007.

Oh received his bachelor’s degree in political science from SNU, and his master’s degree and doctorate in public administration from New York University.

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Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow, 2014-15
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Ryuichi Ohta is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) for 2014-15.

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Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow, 2014-15
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Feng Lin is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) for 2014-15.  Lin is the founder and chairman of ACON Biotechnology Group, which built the first GMP IVD facility and the first US FDA IVD facility registered in China.  Lin has also invested in the leading clinical laboratories in China and a leading life sciences and drug discoveries company in the U.S.  While at Stanford, Lin is researching the innovations in China Primary Healthcare Reform.  He holds a master's degree in Chemical Engineering from Oklahoma State University.

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Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow, 2014-15
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Jaigeun Lim is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) for 2014-15.

 

Shorenstein APARCStanford UniversityEncina Hall, Room E301Stanford,  CA  94305-6055
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Visiting Scholar
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Jasper Kim joins the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) during the 2014 academic year from Ewha Womans University's Graduate School of International Studies in Seoul, Korea, where he serves as Professor and Director of the Center for Conflict Management. He was a former visiting scholar at Harvard University (joint affiliation with Harvard Law School and the Korea Institute).

His research interests include social finance, international business law, and international negotiation strategy. During his time at Shorenstein APARC, Jasper Kim will participate in an interdisciplinary study on the application of social finance models, with an emphasis on social impact bond funding mechanisms relating to contemporary post-crisis Japan and South Korea.

Jasper Kim has published in numerous journals, including at Harvard, Columbia, the University of California Press, and Seoul National University. He has authored seven books, including American Law 101 (ABA, 2014), Korean Business Law (Carolina Academic Press, 2010), and ABA Fundamentals: International Economic Systems (ABA, 2012). He has also contributed to global media outlets such as the BBC, Bloomberg, CNBC, CNN, and the Wall Street Journal (WSJ).

He received his Juris Doctor (JD) from Rutgers University School of Law, MSc from the London School of Economics (LSE), dual-BA degrees from the University of California at San Diego, and PON training at Harvard Law School.

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