Society

FSI researchers work to understand continuity and change in societies as they confront their problems and opportunities. This includes the implications of migration and human trafficking. What happens to a society when young girls exit the sex trade? How do groups moving between locations impact societies, economies, self-identity and citizenship? What are the ethnic challenges faced by an increasingly diverse European Union? From a policy perspective, scholars also work to investigate the consequences of security-related measures for society and its values.

The Europe Center reflects much of FSI’s agenda of investigating societies, serving as a forum for experts to research the cultures, religions and people of Europe. The Center sponsors several seminars and lectures, as well as visiting scholars.

Societal research also addresses issues of demography and aging, such as the social and economic challenges of providing health care for an aging population. How do older adults make decisions, and what societal tools need to be in place to ensure the resulting decisions are well-informed? FSI regularly brings in international scholars to look at these issues. They discuss how adults care for their older parents in rural China as well as the economic aspects of aging populations in China and India.

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Henry S. Rowen, a Stanford economist and professor emeritus of public policy and management, died in Palo Alto on Nov. 12, 2015. He was 90. Rowen, known affectionately as “Harry” to colleagues and friends, led a long, notable career in academia and public service. Having served in three U.S. administrations, he shaped the construction of American policy on a range of issues from entrepreneurship to intelligence. He was the Edward B. Rust Professor of Public Policy and Management, emeritus, at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, a senior fellow, emeritus, at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI), and a director emeritus of the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC).

Over the course of his career, Rowen twice held positions at the RAND Corporation, first as an economist, and later as its president for five years from 1967 to 1972.

In Washington, he held several prominent positions in the Kennedy, Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations. From 1981 to 1983, he was the chairman of the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC), and the assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs from 1989 to 1991.

Rowen’s interdisciplinary experiences yielded a deep knowledge of the social and political factors in nations struggling with a sustainable peace, weighing nuclear proliferation issues, and considering new forms of governance.

 

Please join us for a special celebration of Professor Rowen’s life with remarks and memories shared by a distinguished group of Harry’s professional colleagues and personal friends, including:

William Perry, 19th U.S. Secretary of Defense, Director of the Preventive Defense Project,CISAC, Stanford University

Francis Fukuyama, Director, Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law, Senior Fellow FSI, Stanford University

Thomas Fingar, Shorenstein APARC Distinguished Fellow, Stanford University

Alain Enthoven, Professor of Public and Private Management, Emeritus, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University

William Miller, Professor of Public and Private Management, Emeritus, Professor of Computer Science, Emeritus, School of Engineering, Senior Fellow Emeritus, FSI, Stanford University

Kenneth Arrow, Professor of Economics and Professor of Operations Research, Emeritus

Michael Armacost, (moderator) Shorenstein APARC Distinguished Fellow, Stanford University

A reception will follow in the Encina Hall Lobby

Conferences
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This workshop talk has been cancelled.

 

Daniel Stegmueller is a Professor of Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences at the Graduate School of Social and Economic Sciences, University of Mannheim. He is  also an associate member of Nuffield College, University of Oxford, and of CAGE, University of Warwick.

His research lies at the intersection of political economy and political behavior. He studies political preferences and choices in advanced industrialized societies, specifically individuals' preferences for redistribution and redistributive voting. He is interested in how these are shaped by social structure and institutions, but also by basic individual characteristics, such as cognitive and non-cognitive skills.

 

This seminar is part of the Comparative Politics Workshop in the Department of Political Science and is co-sponsored by The Europe Center.

Daniel Stegmueller Professor of Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences Speaker University of Mannheim
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Distinguished Austrian Chair Professor (2015-2016)
Visiting Professor, Department of Philosophy
Professor of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Austria
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Herlinde Pauer-Studer is professor of philosophy at the University of Vienna and a 2015-2016 Distinguished Visiting Austrian Chair Professor at Stanford. Her research interests are in ethics, political philosophy, and legal philosophy.   She has been a Fellow at the J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University (1997/98) and a Fulbright Scholar at NYU (Fall 2006). From 2010 to 2015 she held an ERC Advanced Research Grant on the topic of “Distortions of Normativity”.

At Stanford she will teach a course on the connections between legal philosophy and philosophy of action. During her time at Stanford University she will also work on a book about the normative distortions in the National Socialist legal system, focusing on the period 1933-1939. 

Recent publications on this topic are a co-edited collection of original texts by National Socialist legal theorists that appeared 2014 under the title “Rechtfertigungen des Unrechts. Das Rechtsdenken im Nationalsozialismus” with Suhrkamp and a co-authored book with J. David Velleman, The Conscience of a Nazi Judge. The Case of SS-Judge Konrad Morgen (Palgrave Macmillan 2015).

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Sheng Menglu describes REAP's colloboration with Chinese one-child policy officials on an early childhood education program targeting rural toddlers. To read the original article, click here.

 

Last June, a lively and well-equipped preschool opened in one of the poorest villages in Shaanxi province, as part of a pilot project seeking ways to improve childhood development called Nurturing the Future. The pilot is being run by the national health commission and the Rural Education Action Plan (REAP), a joint research program conducted by Shaanxi Normal University in the northwestern city of Xi'an, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Stanford University in the U.S. state of California.

The experiment sees idle primary school classrooms and government offices in certain rural areas of Shaanxi Province converted into early childhood development centers like the one Mengjie and her grandmother visit.

The project's organizers also conducted the first study to look at how parenting practices influence the cognitive development of children in China's villages. That research, conducted from 2013 to 2015, found that the best time to have the most impact on rural children's educational performance and growth is during the first three years of life. Yue Ai, a senior researcher from Shaanxi Normal University, said data from the REAP studies of 100 rural villages across the country have consistently pointed to the same conclusion.

Many rural children start to fall behind in terms of cognitive development from an early age, said Luo Renfu, who develops the curriculum for preschools run by the project. In fact, two out of five youngsters aged 18 to 42 months showed significant delays in either cognitive or motor development, or both, the study found.

These early problems can, of course, impact children later in their education, Luo said. "One-third of rural children drop out of high school" because they can't catch up after their bad start.

A lack of parental interaction is strongly linked to developmental delays in rural babies, the study concludes. Another REAP study of over 1,400 toddlers aged 18 to 30 months found that only 5 percent of the parents tell stories to their infants and about 37 percent sang to them. None of the parents or grandparents interviewed reported talking to their babies regularly, often saying, "Why would I talk to the baby? It can't understand me yet!"

Researchers found that when parents spoke directly to their toddlers, the children experienced faster development in language and other cognitive skills. All learning after the age of three depends on this early training, Luo said.

The problem is exacerbated by the fact that millions of children in rural villages are left in the care of grandparents, who are semi-literate or too weak to care for children left by parents who move to cities to work, researchers said. One in five rural babies less than 12 months old is cared for by their grandparents, REAP researchers found. The number increases three-fold for toddlers aged 24 to 30 months.

Multiple international studies have shown that intervening in children's development during the first 1,000 days of their birth will produce the most impact at the lowest cost. Only two out of five villages in the study had a preschool for children above the age of three, and none of them had a day care for younger infants.

China spends 0.2 percent of its GDP on early childhood education and care facilities each year. This figure trails that of many developing countries, such as Argentina or Brazil, which spend 0.5 percent. Although China's education budget accounted for 4.3 percent of its national GDP in 2013, there is no specific allocation for early childhood development.

Cai Jianhua, an official at the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said setting up a preschool in every village or rural community would cost about 60 billion yuan, or 0.1 percent of GDP. Cai also suggests training some of the current family planning officials to become early education teachers.

"Even if the country uses just a fraction of the energy it spends on family planning policies to improve the quality of rural education, it will have a brighter future," said Shi Yaojiang, a professor on education at Shaanxi Normal University.

Need for Skills

The country's changing economy requires people with more advanced skills, who can learn quickly, Zhang Linxiu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.

"The job market in the future will be quite different," she said. "People who have only farming skills will have trouble competing in cities."

Industries need highly skilled workers if the country is to transition from basic manufacturing to high-end products. In the 1960s and 1970s, "the world's factories" were South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Mexico, said Scott Rozelle, co-director of REAP.

"But by the 1980s and 1990s, as wages increased, the unskilled garment workforce gradually transformed to highly skilled workers in the technology and service sectors," he said. "In Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore, almost all workers have at least a high school diploma.

"This high-quality workforce guarantees these countries their industrial upgrade capability. In contrast, in Mexico, only 40 percent of the rural population has completed senior high school and a majority of its labor force had droped out from junior high … So the economy has lost its momentum."

A survey by Rozelle of automobile service shops in Shaanxi Province showed that 90 percent of the vocational school graduates didn't have access to the Internet. "So we have to ask what this low-skilled labor force will do in 20 years," he said.

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Patti Waldmeir quotes REAP's director, Scott Rozelle, on how China's rural children are effected when parents migrate to cities for work. To read the original article, click here.

 

In China, left behind kids battle a social stigma, even if their material conditions are sometimes better than that of children living in homes without migrant income. Conventional wisdon, even among grandparents, is that the grandparents of leff-behind children are not capable of raising children who succeed in school or in life.

Experts are divided on how much children being raised by grandparents are hurt, in terms of educational or even physical development — or even if there is a negative impact at all.

There are trade-offs involved in having a migrant in the family, says Scott Rozelle, professor of economics at Stanford University and co-founder of the Rural Education Action Program, which has been collecting data on children in China’s remote rural areas for a decade. He conducted one of the largest studies so far of the state of China’s rural children, both with and without parents.

The study’s findings go against the conventional wisdom. “Left behind children are not the most vulnerable in rural China,” the study’s authors write, adding they “perform equally or even better than children living with parents on the health, nutrition and education indicators we examine”.

“Anemia prevalence, height for age and weight for age . . . mathematics, Chinese and English scores, junior high school and vocational high school dropout rates . . . are the same as those among children living with their parents.” In fact, children living with parents are in slightly worse health. Mr Rozelle is not sure why. “Maybe access to more resources helps, at least in part, to offset the negative effects of the absence of parental care,” he suggests. Or maybe those who choose to migrate are more intelligent than the average villager — “and so granny is smarter too”.

Mr Rozelle’s point is not that things are just fine for left behind kids — but that both kids living with and without parents in rural areas are vulnerable, and that increasing government resources targeted to helping left behind kids, such as surrogate parenting programmes, may be misspent.

 
 
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Only now is the country examining the social price of children left behind by the mass movement of rural Chinese.
Financial Times/ Patti Waldmeir
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Please join us for a seminar on the assessment of student learning in higher education. We will hear from internationally renowned experts in the field of higher education assessment and present preliminary results from a pathbreaking new study comparing university learning between the U.S., Russia and China.

 

Lydia Liu

Director of Research, Higher Education
Educational Testing Service

 

 

Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia

Professor of Business Education
Johannes Gutenberg University

 

 

Prashant Loyalka

Center Fellow (FSI)

Assistant Professor, Teaching (FSE)

Stanford University

Central Conference Room

Encina Hall, second floor
616 Serra St.
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

Lydia Liu Director of Research, Higher Education Educational Testing Service (ETS)
Olga Zlatkin- Troitschanskaia Professor of Business Education Johannes Gutenberg University
Prashant Loyalka Center Fellow, FSI/GSE Stanford University
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Special Event: The European Security Initiative

Upcoming talk by Supreme Allied Commander Europe, General Philip M. Breedlove.

"Europe at the Crossroads"
Date: November 9, 2015 
Time: 12:00PM to 1:30PM 
Location: Koret Taube Conference Center, Room 130 
RSVP by 5:00PM November 5, 2015.

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Photo of General Philip M. Breedlove
General Philip M. Breedlove is a four-star general in the United States Air Force and the current Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR). In this position, General Breedlove is one of NATO's two strategic commanders and is the head of Allied Command Operations (ACO). General Breedlove became the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe on 13 May 2013. During his visit to Stanford, General Breedlove will discuss Europe's rapidly-evolving geopolitical climate and highlight many of the security challenges for which the United States and NATO must prepare.

General Breedlove has served in the United States Air Force since graduating from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1977. Immediately prior to assuming his current position, General Breedlove served as Commander, U.S. Air Forces in Europe; Commander, U.S. Air Forces Africa; Commander Headquarters Allied Air Command, Ramstein; and Director, Joint Air Power Competence Centre, Kalkar Germany. We invite you to visit ourwebsite for additional information about this event.


Featured Faculty Research: Jens Hainmueller

We would like to introduce you to some of the faculty members that we support and the projects on which they are working. Our featured faculty member this month is Jens Hainmueller, who is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science.

Jens Hainmueller

Jens earned his Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University in 2009 and joined the faculty at Stanford University in 2014. His research interests include statistical methods, immigration, political economy, and political behavior. An example of Jens's research on immigration and migrant integration is his recent co-authored work with Dominik Hangertner at the London School of Economics and Giuseppe Pietrantuono at the University of Zurich, which examined the effect of naturalization on migrant political integration into the host society. Establishing the effects of naturalization on political integration is complicated by an unobservable selection process; a non-random sample of migrants chooses to apply for naturalization and a non-random sample of naturalization applicants is approved. As a result, previous work has neither been able to establish the direction of the relationship between naturalization and poitical integration nor isolate the effect of naturalization on political integration vis-à-vis alternatives. In order to limit the bias induced by this dual-selection process, Jens and his coauthors analyzed data from Switzerland, where some municipalities used referendums to make decisions on naturalization applications. By limiting the sample to those applications that were approved or rejected by only a few votes, the authors were able to establish treatment and control groups that were otherwise equivalent, thereby removing selection bias from their data. Using this unbiased sample, Jens and his coauthors found that naturalization indeed has a positive effect on migrant political integration by increasing political participation, political knowledge, and political efficacy, among others. This research was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. We invite you to visit our website for additional information about this research.

Publication Details: Hainmueller, Jens, Dominik Hangartner, and Guiseppe Pietrantuono. 2015. "Naturalization Fosters the Long-Term Political Integration of Immigrants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112(41):12,651-12,656.


Featured Graduate Student Research: Jason Weinreb

We would like to introduce you to some of the students that we support and the projects on which they are working. Our featured student this month is Jason Weinreb (Political Science). Jason is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University.

Jason WeinrebJason is a political economist who is interested in political risk, the politics of public finance, and economic history. His dissertation examines how newly-independent states finance themselves, focusing on former British colonies. Analysis of the London Stock Exchange in the quarter century following World War II reveals a surprising trend: colonial debt bond prices remained remarkably stable throughout decolonization. In his research at the British National Archives in London, funded in part by The Europe Center, Jason found that price stability was an insufficient indicator of investor confidence. Far from reflecting investors unperturbed by the uncertainty of decolonization, Jason's research uncovers evidence that investors were indeed concerned about the effects of independence on their investment. In fact, investor concerns manifested in higher interest rates, fewer colonial debt bond issues, and lower subscription rates relative to earlier periods. His archival research further uncovers factors that explain why colonial debt bond prices fail to reflect investor sentiment. Chief among these was the British government's intervention in the market. Its strategic purchase and holding of colonial debt bonds ensured price stability despite investor concerns.


Featured Event: Taking the Stand - A Film Presentation and Q&A with Survivors of the Holocaust

Firestone, Liska, and RammerstorferPictured: Renée Firestone, Hermine Liska, and Bernhard Rammerstorfer
By: Christof Brandtner and Sebastian Schuster 

This year we commemorate the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz. At the same time, the number of people who can give us a personal account of the cruelties of the Holocaust is dwindling. Together with students from the Stanford Austria Club, The Europe Center hosted two survivors of the Holocaust and witnesses of the Nazi era: Renée Firestone (born in 1924 in today's Ukraine) and Hermine Liska (born 1930 in Austria). Firestone and Liska were introduced by TEC affiliated faculty Prof. Amir Eshel, interviewed by Austrian documentarian Bernhard Rammerstorfer, and answered engaging questions from students and community members in the audience. In their accounts, Firestone and Liska reported on the years leading up to their persecution, highlighted the importance of religion and family for their survival, and pointed out connections between the diaspora of the 1930s and 1940s and the current global refugee crisis. Rammerstorfer also presented his newest film and book project ‘Taking the stand: We have more to say’ which condenses the experience and memories of nine Holocaust survivors in response to 100 questions from high school students around the world.

Recap: Former NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen Visits Stanford

Anders Fogh RasmussenIn his recent visit to Stanford University, former NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen painted a bleak picture of global politics. The hope of the Arab Spring has been replaced by new authoritarian regimes, civil war, and ISIS. Russia is becoming more internally authoritarian and externally aggressive. According to one measure, global levels of freedom have been in decline for the past nine consecutive years. "It looks", he said, "as if a Pandora's box of religious, ethnic, and political strife has been opened, and many nations have plunged into chaos and extremism." According to Rasmussen, successfully navigating these global challenges requires a concerted effort among liberal democratic states, spearheaded by American leadership. In order to create a strong global community of liberal democracies, he advocated strengthening the Transatlantic alliance. In addition to the existing military alliance forged through NATO, he proposed the creation of a Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA) and a Transatlantic peoples program, which would foster educational, scientific, and cultural exchanges among the partner states. More than 150 people attended the talk, which was held on September 25. To watch Rasmussen's talk in full, please visit our website.


Fall 2015 Graduate Student Grant Competition Winners Announced

Please join us in congratulating the winners of The Europe Center Fall 2015 Graduate Student Grant Competition: 

  • Elena DancuComparative Literature, "From Vienna to Rio de Janeiro: Stefan Zweig and a World in Ruins."
  • Mathilde EmeriauPolitical Science, "Discrimination and Integration of Asylum Seekers in France."
  • William ParmerPhilosophy, "The Art of Cruelty."
  • Rebecca PerlmanPolitical Science, "The Politics of Protection: Health and Safety Regulation in a Globalized Marketplace."
  • Nicola PierriEconomics, "Credit Constraints and Firms' Productivity: Evidence from the Italian Economy."
  • Jens PohlmannGerman Studies, "Capitalizing on the Avant-Garde? An Analysis of Adversarial Authors’ Marketing Strategies in the Second Half of the 20th Century."
  • Beata SzymkowHistory, "Nationalisms Interacting, L'viv 1890-1914."
  • Alice UnderwoodComparative Literature, "The Comrade's Deviant Body: Myth, Citizenship, and Socialist Decay in the Pre-Perestroika Soviet Union."
  • Ashley WaltersHistory, "The Evolution of a Modern Jewish Legal Defense Against Anti-Semitism in Late Imperial Russia ."
  • Jason WeinrebPolitical Science, "Decolonization's Money Doctor: The Bank of England and Commonwealth Central Banks, 1955 - 1970."
  • Seth WerfelPolitical Science, "Representation as Intermediation."
  • Duygu YildirimHistory, "Historicizing Nature: Approaches to The Natural History of Crete in the Eastern Mediterranean."
Please visit our website for more information about our Graduate Student Grant program.

The Europe Center Sponsored Events

November 5, 2015 
6:30PM - 9:30PM 
Romanian Film Festival (Stanford, Day 1) 
"Travelling Shorts:Families Beyond Boundaries" 
East Asia Library, Room 224, Lathrop Library Building 
Please visit our website for additional information.

November 8, 2015 
1:00PM - 8:45PM 
Romanian Film Festival (Stanford, Day 2) 
"Travelling Shorts:Families Beyond Boundaries" 
Cubberley Auditorium 
Please visit our website for additional information.

November 9, 2015 
12:00PM - 1:15PM Mart Kuldkepp, Scandinavian Studies, University College London 
"Russian deserters to Sweden in World War I" 
Reuben Hills Conference Room, Encina Hall East 
Open to Stanford affiliates only. 
RSVP requested
This seminar is organized by the Center for Russian, Eastern European and Eurasian Studies and co-sponsored by The Europe Center.

European Security Initiative Events

November 9, 2015 
12:00PM - 1:30PM 
General Philip M. Breedlove, Supreme Allied Commander Europe and Commander, US European Command, NATO 
"Europe at the Crossroads" 
Koret-Taube Conference Center, Room 130, Gunn-SIERP Building 
RSVP by 5:00PM November 5, 2015. 

November 10, 2015 
5:30PM - 7:00PM 
Lilia Shevtsova, Non-Resident Fellow, Brookings Institution and Associate Fellow Russia-Eurasia Program, Chatham House - The Royal Institute of International Affairs 
"Russia as a Global Challenge" 
Bechtel Conference Center, Encina Hall 
RSVP requested 

Save the Date: January 5, 2016 
Sergei Guriev, Professor of Economics, New Economic School, Moscow and Visiting Professor of Economics, Sciences Po, Paris 

Other Campus Events of Interest

November 16, 2015 
6:30PM - 8:15PM 
"In the Crosswinds" (2014) Film Screening 
Cubberley Auditorium, Cubberley Education Library 
RSVP requested 
For more information, please visit the event website.

We welcome you to visit our website for additional details.

 

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A wealth of research has been conducted on optimal procedures for government procurement of services and the best use of public resources. However, education policy is almost never discussed in these terms, even though many governments in developed countries spend more on education services than any other good or service, with the exception of healthcare. In order to establish an optimal procurement system for education services, features such as performance incentives should be considered. While we move towards developing the optimal education procurement system, simple reforms should allow governments to avoid waste and improve equity. 


Derek Neal is a Professor in the Department of Economics and on the Committee on Education at the University of Chicago.

Derek Neal in front of bookshelves

He researches the design of incentive systems for educators, exploring design flaws in performance pay and accountability systems, and highlighting the advantages of providing incentives through contests among schools. He is currently involved in research projects on increasing student learning in China and Uganda. He is a past President of the Midwest Economics Association and a Fellow of the Society of Labor Economists. He is a former editor of the Journal of Political Economy, the Journal of Labor Economics, and the Journal of Human Resources. 

Professor of Economics
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Philippines Conference Room

Encina Hall 
616 Serra St.
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

Derek Neal Professor of Economics University of Chicago
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heritage bureaucracies

This conference aims to further our understanding of the institutional cultures, funding schemes and power structures underlying transnational institutions, with a particular focus on heritage bureaucracies. We bring together scholars working at the intersection of archaeology, anthropology, sociology and law to offer a broader understanding of the intricacies of multilateral institutions and global civic society in shaping contemporary heritage governance. Speakers will provide ethnographic perspectives on the study of international organizations, such as the UN and EU, in an effort to show the entanglement of political and technical decision-making.

A 2-day international conference organized by Claudia Liuzza and Gertjan Plets.

Speakers:

Brigitta Hauser-Shäublin (Institute of Ethnology, Göttingen University)
Ellen Hertz (Institute of Ethnology, University of Neuchâtel)
Miyako Inoue (Department of Anthropology, Stanford University)
Claudia Liuzza (Department of Anthropology, Stanford University)
Brigit Müller (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris)
Elisabeth Niklason (Department of Archeaology, Stockholm University)
Gertjan Plets (Stanford Archaeology Center, Stanford University)
Cris Shore (Department of Anthropology, The University of Auckland)
Ana Vrdoljak (Department of Law, University of Technology, Sydney)

Co-sponsored by Stanford Archaeology Center, Cantor Arts Center, Department of Anthropology, Center for Russian, East European & Eurasian Studies, Stanford Humanities Center, The Europe Center, France-Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, The Mediterranean Studies Forum.

Contact: heritagebur@gmail.com

Stanford Archaeology Center (BLDG 500)
488 Escondido Mall
Stanford University

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