Honors students explore challenges of policy implementation, assessment in Washington, D.C.
In mid-September, honors students from the Interschool Honors Programs convened by FSI's Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law and the Center for International Security and Cooperation traveled to Washington, D.C., with their faculty advisors for senior-level meetings and policy briefings. They met with senior U.S. government officials from the White House, State Department, Homeland Security, and the intelligence community, with representatives of international organizations such as the World Bank, and NGOs, think tanks and other policy forums engaged in international affairs.
CDDRL Policy Briefings
Led by CDDRL Director and FSI Senior Fellow Larry Diamond, Deputy Director and FSI Senior Fellow Kathryn Stoner, and FSI's %people5%, CDDRL students engaged in policy discussions with the National Endowment for Democracy, USAID, the World Bank, the National Security Council, the Center for International Private Enterprise, the Inter-American Dialogue and the Millennium Challenge Corporation. Sessions were held at the Open Society Institute founded by George Soros and the Community of Democracies. Students met at the U.S. State Department with Policy Planning staff and the Under Secretary for Economic, Energy and Agricultural Affairs for frank discussions of U.S. policy priorities, the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review and the transformative effects that emerging economic powers, such as China, India and Brazil are exerting on trade, credit, investment, innovation and governance of major and political and economic institutions.
During these sessions, CDDRL students delved into efforts to advance and secure democracy, economic development, good governance, rule of law, corruption control, civil society, and a free media. In the current environment, marked by repression in many countries, multi-pronged efforts to help ensure that the pluralistic institutions of a vibrant civil society are allowed to prosper took on particular importance. Another key issue was the role of information technologies, in building and supporting democracy, by creating a robust network of activists and promoting collective action.
“It was eye-opening to see the diverse mechanisms through which one can effect positive social change. I learned that it is possible to successfully bridge the two worlds of policy and academe. The meetings made me think about the many different routes to a possible career in the dynamic world of Washington politics.” Kamil Dada ’11, CDDRL
"A key objective of the Washington trip is to expose these talented students to the challenges of policy formulation, implementation, and assessment, as they prepare to write their honors theses this academic year," said Kathryn Stoner-Weiss. For some students, it was a first exposure to the policy process in Washington. Others had interned in policy positions in the nation's capital and overseas, and used their opportunities in September to report back on findings of their previous work, renew contacts and glean new insight and information on evolving issues.
"The discussions we held with senior officials were full, frank, and often, off-the-record to give the students a firsthand opportunity to engage in candid exchange on major issues and to pose probing questions," said Larry Diamond, CDDRL Director. "The players, issues, and dilemmas that arise in the policy process are not always evident from the outside."
CISAC: Focus on Security Issues
The students in CISAC's Interschool Honors Program in International Security Studies-led in Washington by Martha Crenshaw, FSI Senior Fellow and professor (by courtesy) in the Political Science Department; Lynn Eden, Senior Research Scholar and CISAC Associate Director for Research; and teaching assistant Michael Sulmeyer, a CISAC pre-doctoral fellow and third-year Stanford law student-focused on major national and international security issues, including nuclear weapons policy like the new START Treaty to reduce nuclear arms and the Nuclear Posture Review, and counter-terrorism issues such as intelligence gathering and regional analysis. CISAC students first met with four veteran national security reporters at The New York Times, and later with members of the intelligence community, including the Director of the National Counterterrorism Center, Michael Leiter, and the Chairman of the National Intelligence Council, Christopher Kojm.
“This was my first visit to Washington, and I could not have asked for a more comprehensive or enjoyable introduction to the nation’s capital. The broad array of institutions and people we experienced was a salient reminder of just how diverse this country truly is.” Devin Banerjee ’11, CISAC
Students also met with Paul Stockton, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense and Americas' Security Affairs. Prior to his government service, Stockton had been a scholar at CISAC and had taught CISAC honors students for three years. CISAC students met with Antony Blinken, who serves as National Security Adviser to Vice President Biden. The students also were exposed to research and publication think-tanks like the Brookings Institution, RAND Corporation, the Center for a New American Security and the New America Foundation. At the end of CISAC's first week in the capital, the students met a dozen Washington-based alumni of the program over dinner, where alumni provided valuable research resources and job advice to their younger counterparts.
"The Washington component of CISAC's honors program provides an invaluable opportunity for our students to learn how the policy-making process works, explore the complexities of international security, and test their preliminary ideas about the topic they have chosen for their honors thesis," said Martha Crenshaw. "In turn, the officials we meet invariably wish to spend longer with our students, some even rearranging their schedules (or trying!) to continue a fascinating and candid conversation."
Highlight: The National Security Council
A major highlight of this year's trip, for both the CISAC and the CDDRL students, was a policy discussion at the National Security Council with two leading Stanford political scientists and foreign policy experts serving in the Obama administration. Political Science Professor Michael A. McFaul, former director of CDDRL and deputy director of FSI, is now Senior Director for Russia on the National Security Council and the president's top advisor on Russia, and Assistant Professor Jeremy M. Weinstein, an affiliated CISAC and CDDRL faculty member, serves as Director for Democracy on the National Security Staff. Students engaged in a lively discussion of U.S. foreign policy priorities, U.S.-Russian relations, democracy, human rights and economic development.
"Our honors students are fortunate to have the chance to engage in high-level policy discussions, especially with Stanford faculty members serving in Washington," said Coit D. Blacker, Director of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, who directs the CISAC honors program with Martha Crenshaw and who, under President Clinton, served as special assistant to the President and Senior Director for Russian, Ukrainian, and Eurasian Affairs on the National Security Council. "Direct exposure to the policymaking process, with all its promise and pitfalls, will make them better scholars and future thought leaders."
"I was struck by the innovative ways in which certain agencies approach democracy promotion," said CDDRL honors student Ayeesha Lalji '11. "I think the struggle is often in packaging programs in the right way so that an impervious nation becomes more open to a vital component of social, political, or economic development."
"The discussions with prominent policy thinkers and current and former senior officials made a deep impression on our students," said Larry Diamond, CDDRL Director. "These young people--who will go on themselves to be leaders in these fields-- got a vivid sense of how the policy process really works, and why service in government and public affairs is, despite the frequent frustrations, an exciting and noble mission."
"CISAC's ten days in Washington provide our students exceptional access to practitioners of various types and at all levels of the policy world, as well as inside knowledge of today's critical issues," said Martha Crenshaw. "The experience also establishes a solid foundation for a year-long intellectual experience in a weekly research seminar devoted to producing a thesis that makes an original contribution to the field of international security."
Elections and Changing Political Dynamics in the Arab World Seminar Series Launched
The Program on Arab Reform and Democracy is pleased to announce its seminar series for 2010-11, titled “Elections and Changing Political Dynamics in the Arab World”. The series kicks off with two seminars on October 7 and November 18, examining elections in Iraq and Jordan, respectivel.
Two more seminars will take place on January 13, 2011 (with Fred Lawson on the Bahraini elections) and March 10, 2011 (with Elias Muhanna on the Lebanese elections). This will be followed by a one-day conference on Friday April 29, 2011 titled “EDemocratic Transition in Egypt”.
Frequent changing of prime ministers in South Korea
The ‘fair society' motto has been the centerpiece in the
second half of the Lee Administration.
-Gi-Wook Shin, director of Shorenstein APARC and KSP
On August 8, 2010, South Korean President Lee
Myung-bak put into place the largest cabinet reorganization since he took
office, nominating 48 year-old Kim Tae-ho as prime minister. However, after
only 21 days, failing to pass a confirmation hearing of Parliament, Kim Tae-ho
took the initiative to declare his resignation while waiting for Parliament to
take action following the vote on his prime minister nomination. South Korea's prime
minister [post] is without any real power; however, with a high parliamentary
status, it is also in reality an important auxiliary to the president. Now into
the second half of Lee Myung-bak's term, confronted with the dilemma of needing
to identify a prime minister for a fourth time, one cannot help but raise the
question: what is going on with South Korean politics?
The ruling
Grand National Party hoped to pariah Kim Tae-ho, who in the prime of life,
would have been able to give Li Myung-bak's government an infusion of "reform,"
"communication," and a "fresh" approach, but the opposition
party also questioned Kim Tae-ho's political qualifications. From
August 24-25, when the Parliament confirmation hearings convened, the
Democratic Party also threw in several heavy accusations-Kim Tae-hoe's receiving
bribes and illegal loans to raise campaign funds, having a public bus for his
personal use, ordering full-time civil servants to do housework, and his wife
accepting bribes and improperly managed properties-and strongly opposed Kim
Tae-ho as Prime Minister. Gi-Wook Shin, director of Stanford University's
Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, says: "These allegations are not
new. Though the prosecution has cleared Kim of bribery charges, I think the
fact that he lied about his ties with Park Yeon-cha, a convicted businessman at
the center of a high-profile bribery scandal, was the last straw. A photo also surfaced
after the hearing showing Kim standing next to Park at a date several months
earlier than Kim testified to having made his first acquaintance with Park."
Park Yeon-cha is the former chairman of Taekwang Industrial. By the end of
2008's "Park Yeon-cha Gate" [scandal], numerous South Korean
political figures were involved in the bribery scandal, and former President Roh Moo-hyun also committed
suicide.
"Kim
Tae-ho's ambiguous statements have also left the ruling party and the public
feeling disappointed. Kim Tae-ho was not widely known outside of his South Gyeongsang Province office. President Li
Myung-bak praised him to South Korean society for being young, for having
strength and charisma, and for being an honest, reliable politician. Now voters
naturally are questioning his integrity and this has become a barrier for Lee
Myung-bak's administration," says Dr. Insung Lee, director of Yonsei
University's East Asia International Studies Institute.
Kim Tae-ho believes there are some
accusations that are not very fair. Dr. Shin suggests: "What Kim meant by "unfair" was the fact
that his confirmation hearing focused in large part on making personal attacks
on Kim, and throwing harsh criticism of the ruling party, rather than serving
its purpose to prove he was unqualified for the PM position." This no doubt exposed
the intense power struggle between South Korea's political factions, and even
differences within the Grand National Party.
"Lee Myung-bak should not introduce
the subject of Kim Tae-ho when talking about matters of the next presidential
election," says Dr. Lee. In 2004, Kim was
elected governor of South Gyeongsang
Province, becoming the youngest governor. During the time that he was the
provincial governor, he actively promoted the "South Coast Sunbelt"
development plan as a national project. Through word of mouth, he easily won
the 2008 local government re-elections. According to the Constitution, Lee
Myung-bak is unable to run for president again. Because of this, public opinion
holds that he had the intention to train Kim Tae-hoe for the 2012 presidential
candidacy. "The opposition party members at the hearing increasingly
attacked Kim Tae-ho, in part to prevent this kind of arrangement from taking
place," says Dr. Lee.
Dr. Chung-In Moon, professor of political
science at Yonsei University pointed out: "People believe that Lee
Myung-bak selected Kim Tai-ho to compete in the 2012 general election against in-party
rival Park Geun-hye. Since this card is obsolete, Lee Myung-bak now cannot help
but stand with Park Geun-hye. I cannot decide for certain how long this will
last-the Lee camp will certainly find their own candidate." The internal
struggle between the Grand National Party's inner factions was exposed in the
battle of the recent Sejong City construction plan amendment. Park Geun-hye, the
daughter of the leading "Second Faction's" former president Park
Chung-hee, publicly sang a different tune towards Lee Myung-bak, displaying a hope
to follow up with the plan to promote the construction of Sejong City. At the
time of Parliament's vote, 50 of the ruling party's 168 members voted against
the pro-Park opposition party. After former Prime Minister Chung Un-chan
announced he would resign, Park Geun-hye raised the issue, holding Lee
Myung-bak to be the primary lead of the Sejong City amendment and the one who
should bear the responsibility.
On the day that Kim Tae-ho made his
declaration to resign the prime minister nomination, those nominated to be the Minister of Culture, Sports, and
Tourism and Minister of Education and Economics, also took the initiative to
resign because of the suspicion of having accepted bribes. After several days,
Foreign Minister Yu Myung-hwan was also forced to resign due to the incident of
his daughter's receiving "special admission" to become a senior civil
servant. President Lee Myung-bak expressed: "I accept their resignation. I
believe this will lead to the starting point of a fair society." Dr. Gi-Wook
Shin believes: "The 'fair society' motto has been the centerpiece in the
second half of the Lee Administration. As President Lee said in his liberation
day speech in August 2010, 'A fair society is where each individual has to take
responsibility for the outcome of his or her undertakings . . . A fair society constitutes
the ethical and practical infrastructure for the advancement of the Republic.' To
this effect, Lee reportedly instructed his secretariat to toughen the screening
of ethical backgrounds of candidates for top government posts. Putting emphasis
on higher ethical and moral standards can be seen as a positive sign of Korea's
democratic advancement. It is not the only measure, but it is also an important
measure for the betterment of South Korean politics."
Translation by Sarah Lin Bhatia
Seminar: Guide to Elections 2010
Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room
Daniel C. Sneider
Stanford University
Encina Hall, Room E301
Stanford, CA 94305-6055
Daniel C. Sneider is a lecturer in international policy at Stanford's Ford Dorsey Master’s in International Policy and a lecturer in East Asian Studies at Stanford. His own research is focused on current U.S. foreign and national security policy in Asia and on the foreign policy of Japan and Korea. Since 2017, he has been based partly in Tokyo as a Visiting Researcher at the Canon Institute for Global Studies, where he is working on a diplomatic history of the creation and management of the U.S. security alliances with Japan and South Korea during the Cold War. Sneider contributes regularly to the leading Japanese publication Toyo Keizai as well as to the Nelson Report on Asia policy issues.
Sneider is the former Associate Director for Research at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center at Stanford. At Shorenstein APARC, Sneider directed the center’s Divided Memories and Reconciliation project, a comparative study of the formation of wartime historical memory in East Asia. He is the co-author of a book on wartime memory and elite opinion, Divergent Memories, from Stanford University Press. He is the co-editor, with Dr. Gi-Wook Shin, of Divided Memories: History Textbooks and the Wars in Asia, from Routledge and of Confronting Memories of World War II: European and Asian Legacies, from University of Washington Press.
Sneider was named a National Asia Research Fellow by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the National Bureau of Asian Research in 2010. He is the co-editor of Cross Currents: Regionalism and Nationalism in Northeast Asia, Shorenstein APARC, distributed by Brookings Institution Press, 2007; of First Drafts of Korea: The U.S. Media and Perceptions of the Last Cold War Frontier, 2009; as well as of Does South Asia Exist?: Prospects for Regional Integration, 2010. Sneider’s path-breaking study “The New Asianism: Japanese Foreign Policy under the Democratic Party of Japan” appeared in the July 2011 issue of Asia Policy. He has also contributed to other volumes, including “Strategic Abandonment: Alliance Relations in Northeast Asia in the Post-Iraq Era” in Towards Sustainable Economic and Security Relations in East Asia: U.S. and ROK Policy Options, Korea Economic Institute, 2008; “The History and Meaning of Denuclearization,” in William H. Overholt, editor, North Korea: Peace? Nuclear War?, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, 2019; and “Evolution or new Doctrine? Japanese security policy in the era of collective self-defense,” in James D.J. Brown and Jeff Kingston, eds, Japan’s Foreign Relations in Asia, Routledge, December 2017.
Sneider’s writings have appeared in many publications, including the Washington Post, the New York Times, Slate, Foreign Policy, the New Republic, National Review, the Far Eastern Economic Review, the Oriental Economist, Newsweek, Time, the International Herald Tribune, the Financial Times, and Yale Global. He is frequently cited in such publications.
Prior to coming to Stanford, Sneider was a long-time foreign correspondent. His twice-weekly column for the San Jose Mercury News looking at international issues and national security from a West Coast perspective was syndicated nationally on the Knight Ridder Tribune wire service. Previously, Sneider served as national/foreign editor of the Mercury News. From 1990 to 1994, he was the Moscow bureau chief of the Christian Science Monitor, covering the end of Soviet Communism and the collapse of the Soviet Union. From 1985 to 1990, he was Tokyo correspondent for the Monitor, covering Japan and Korea. Prior to that he was a correspondent in India, covering South and Southeast Asia. He also wrote widely on defense issues, including as a contributor and correspondent for Defense News, the national defense weekly.
Sneider has a BA in East Asian history from Columbia University and an MPA from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
And the Beat Goes On: The Jordanian State after the November Elections
Did Jordan's general elections, called forth after parliament's dissolution a year earlier, introduce new hope for democratic reform in an increasingly autocratic kingdom? The panel of speakers at this research seminar will address the aftermath of the parliamentary contest of November 2010, assessing broad trends in this critical state following the November elections.
Encina Ground Floor Conference Room
Sean Yom
N/A
Sean Yom finished his Ph.D. at the Department of Government at Harvard University in June 2009, with a dissertation entitled "Iron Fists in Silk Gloves: Building Political Regimes in the Middle East." His primary research explores the origins and durability of authoritarian regimes in this region. His work contends that initial social conflicts driven by strategic Western interventions shaped the social coalitions constructed by autocratic incumbents to consolidate power in the mid-twentieth century--early choices that ultimately shaped the institutional carapaces and political fates of these governments. While at CDDRL, he will revise the dissertation in preparation for book publication, with a focus on expanding the theory to cover other post-colonial regions and states. His other research interests encompass contemporary political reforms in the Arab world, the historical architecture of Persian Gulf security, and US democracy promotion in the Middle East. Recent publications include articles in the Journal of Democracy, Middle East Report, Arab Studies Quarterly, and Arab Studies Journal.
You Vote, We Decide! Analyzing the 2010 Iraqi Elections and the Ensuing Political Process
Abbas Kadhim is an Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. He also holds a Visiting Scholar status at Stanford University since 2005. Between 2003 and 2005, he taught courses on Islamic theology and ethics at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California.
His recent publications include: "a Case of Partial Cooperation: the 1920 Revolution and Iraqi Sectarian Identities" (forthcoming); "Forging a Third Way: Sistani's Marja‘iyya between Quietism and Wilāyat al-Faqīh, in Iraq, Democracy and the Future of the Muslim World, edited by Ali Paya and John Esposito, Routledge, July 2010; "Widows' Doomsday: Women and War in the Poetry of Hassan al-Nassar," in Women and War in Muslim Countries, ed. Faegheh Shirazi, Austin: The University of Texas Press, June 2010; "Opting for the Lesser Evil: US Foreign Policy Toward Iraq, 1958-2008," in Bob Looney (ed.) Handbook of US Middle East Relations, London: Routledge, 2009; and Shi`i Perceptions of the Iraq Study Group, Strategic Insights, vol. VI, issue 2 (March 2007).
His book translations include Shi‘a Sects: A Translation with an Introduction and Notes, London: Islamic College for Advanced Studies Press (2007); Wahhabism: A Critical Essay, by Hamid Algar (Arabic Translation), Köln, Germany: Dar al-Jamal (2006); and Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping our Lives, by Anthony Giddens (Arabic Translation), with Dr. Hassan Nadhem, Beirut: (2003).
His current projects include editing the Routledge Handbook of Governance in the Middle East and North Africa, London: Routledge (forthcoming 2011) and finishing a manuscript on The 1920 Revolution and the Making of the Modern Iraqi State (under review).
Encina Ground Floor Conference Room
Internet Voting: An Idea Whose Time Has NOT Come
Like many states around the country, the District of Columbia Board of Elections decided to allow military and civilians living abroad to vote (i.e. return voted ballots) over the Internet this November. However, unlike other Internet voting enthusiasts, the Board planned to conduct a pilot test prior to the actual election after which they intended to allow overseas voters to return their voted ballots over the Internet. The test began around the end of September; by early October we learned that a team from the Univ. of Michigan, led by Prof. Alex Halderman, had succeeded in breaking into the test system. The first sign of the break-in was the playing of the Michigan fight song, which began 15 seconds after the voter viewed the vote confirmation page. Further very serious revelations quickly followed, including that the Michigan team could rig every cast vote.
In addition to reviewing the remarkable outcome of the DC Internet pilot, we will discuss ways in which Internet voting differs from e-commerce, analyze the threats to Internet voting, review key studies and reports, describe several elections and pilots held over the Internet, and reflect on the future of Internet voting.
Barbara Simons, an expert on electronic voting, is on the Board of Advisors of the U.S. Election Assistance Commission. She was a member of the National Workshop on Internet Voting that was convened at the request of President Clinton and produced a report on Internet Voting in 2001. She also participated on the Security Peer Review Group for the US Department of Defense's Internet voting project (SERVE) and co-authored the report that led to the cancellation of SERVE because of security concerns. Simons co-chaired the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) study of statewide databases of registered voters. She recently co-authored the League of Women Voters report on election auditing. Simons and Doug Jones are co-authoring a book on voting machines.
Simons was President of ACM, the nation's oldest and largest educational and scientific society for computing professionals.
Wallenberg Theater
Health Reform in the Pacific: Comparing Approaches to Universal Coverage in the Philippines and the State of Hawaii
The Republic of the Philippines began on the path to universal coverage with the passage of the National Health Insurance Act of 1995 (Republic Act 7875) which established the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) . Building on the Philippine Medicare program which began in 1971, PhilHealth has expanded coverage to more than 80% of the population with basic benefits, but accounts for only 10% of total health financing—wide population coverage with thin public benefits. An extensive system of private insurance provides additional benefits for high-income Filipino households. While the Philippines is pursuing a public insurance approach with private add-ons, Hawaii has mandated private employment-based coverage through the Pre-paid Health Care Act of 1974 and operates under a Congressionally granted ERISA exemption as well as an exemption from the Affordable Care Act of 2010. Combining the employer mandate with generous Medicaid and SCHIP programs, Hawaii has achieved a coverage rate exceeding 90% of the resident population with extensive benefit packages. The presenter will provide an overview of the two systems and present original research on the labor market effects and public insurance effects of the Hawaii system.
Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room