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Does the outbreak of a major international war change political discourse? Drawing on theories of political communication and elite cueing, identity salience, and threat perception, we hypothesize that the outbreak of a war of aggression by a major power increases the use of nationalist rhetoric by heads of government in other, non-belligerent, states.

To test this hypothesis, we analyse over 10,000 tweets by heads of government from 130 countries before and after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Using word embeddings, we map politicians' tweets along a nationalist–cosmopolitan spectrum and show a significant shift toward nationalist political discourse on the online platform.

Subgroup analysis reveals that this effect was stronger among leaders of member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Yet, leaders from countries that are members of the pro-Russia Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and those with past experiences of irredentism or territorial armed conflicts — thus resembling the Russia–Ukraine war — did not increase their resort to nationalist rhetoric.

These findings offer new insights into how — in the digital age — conflict in one place can diffuse into politics elsewhere.

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Ana Paula Pellegrino
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Manuel Ortiz Escámez has a long-standing career at the intersection of documentary photography, journalism, and social sciences, with a focus on human rights, democracy, and migration. He holds a B.A. in Sociology and an M.A. in Visual Arts with a specialization in documentary film from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

He is the founder and director of Peninsula 360 Press, a community media outlet based in San Mateo County, California. He previously served as Director of International News at Notimex (the Mexican State News Agency) and led the Multimedia Laboratory for Social Research at UNAM. He is the author of Visual Sociology: Photography and Documentary Video as Instruments for the Construction and Dissemination of Knowledge in the Social Sciences (UNAM, 2017). Ortiz also serves on the advisory board of POYLatam, the most recognized documentary photography and multimedia competition in Ibero-America.

He was the Director of Photography for the documentary "Cantadoras, Memory of Life and Death in Colombia" (2017), which received awards at international festivals in England, Nigeria, Chile, and Colombia. In 2021, he received the Prosser Award from the International Visual Sociology Association. His journalism has also been recognized with several awards, the most recent being the Media Innovation Award (2024), granted by Black Media and American Community Media.

His work has taken him to document migratory, democratic, and human rights processes in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Guatemala, Honduras, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Spain, the United States, and Ukraine.

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Bangladesh last year staged a rare pivot against a global tide of democratic backsliding. In August 2024, a student-led uprising toppled the country’s long-entrenched authoritarian rule and opened a window for democratic reform. At that turning point, Netra News, Bangladesh's premier independent, investigative journalism platform, rose to the occasion in the role it was built for.

Founded in exile to investigate high-level abuse of power by Bangladesh's regime and press for accountability, Netra News delivered verified, real-time coverage amid internet blackouts and a deadly crackdown by the brutal government of Sheikh Hasina. In the aftermath of Hasina’s ouster, as an interim government has been working to introduce reforms and restore Bangladesh to democratic rule, Netra News’ evidence-driven, nonpartisan reporting helps frame policy debates, establish press freedom, and push for democratic norms.

For its courageous reportage and efforts to defend democracy in Bangladesh, Stanford University’s Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) honored Netra News with the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award, presenting it to Tasneem Khalil, the outlet’s founding editor-in-chief. At the award ceremony, held at Stanford University on October 7, 2025, Khalil delivered a keynote that reflected deeply on the purpose and power of public interest journalism, tracing the philosophy behind Netra News, which he titled “To Comfort the Afflicted and Confront Power.”


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Following his keynote remarks, Khalil joined a panel discussion with William Dobson, the coeditor of the Journal of Democracy and a veteran in international reporting, and Elora Shehabuddin, a professor of gender and women's studies and the director of the Chowdhury Center for Bangladesh Studies at UC Berkeley. James Hamilton, Stanford University’s vice provost for undergraduate education, the Hearst Professor of Communication, and director of the Journalism Program, chaired the discussion. Both Dobson and Hamilton also serve on the judging committee for the Shorenstein Award.

The Shorenstein Award, which carries a cash prize of $10,000, recognizes outstanding journalists and news outlets whose work has deepened the understanding of Asia while advancing the values of a free press.
 

Bearing Witness 


Khalil opened his remarks by sharing a photograph of himself listening to a Bangladeshi woman whose son had been abducted by the Rapid Action Battalion, the country’s elite counterterrorism force that has been accused of serious human rights violations and abuse of power. For Khalil, the image encapsulates the animating question at the heart of Netra News: What does it truly mean to comfort the afflicted?

Investigative journalists, he argued, are first and foremost witnesses. Their work requires listening and documenting, for as long as it takes. He described an investigation that started with a phone call from a day laborer in Malaysia, who recounted his experience being abducted in Dhaka and held in a secret site by a plainclothed squad. Khalil kept calling back with questions, continuing the conversation over months. The source shared precise recollections that helped Netra News map a clandestine detention facility in the heart of the Bangladeshi capital. The investigation, "Secret Prisoners of Dhaka," published in 2023, shed light on hidden abuses and was shortlisted for the Global Shining Light Award for investigative journalism in developing countries. 

Comforting the afflicted and confronting power is at the heart of the kind of journalism Netra News aspires to practice.
Tasneem Khalil

Khalil described other Netra News investigations that have sought to expose high-level crimes. “Body Count” combined data journalism and fieldwork to analyze more than a decade of alleged extrajudicial killings and acts of torture by Bangladeshi security forces. The patterns revealed which agencies were involved, geographic concentration, and spikes in killings during election cycles, all underscoring a systematic practice. For this work, the newsroom won a 2024 Sigma Award for Data Journalism.

Bearing witness, Khalil noted, means that public interest journalism must listen not only to the afflicted, but also to the perpetrators of horrible crimes. In another project, collaborating with German TV broadcaster Deutsche Welle, Netra News interviewed former Rapid Action Battalion commanders on camera about how extrajudicial killings were carried out. The investigation, "Inside the Death Squad," was the first to provide evidence of targeted killings and torture by the RAB, and was recognized with a 2024 Human Rights Press Award for documentary video.

Another joint investigation with DW exposed a pattern of deploying RAB members implicated in torture and killings to serve as United Nations peacekeepers. The revelations were cited by governments and lawmakers, and intensified scrutiny of peacekeeping vetting practices. 

“This is accountability journalism at its purest: reporting that not only informs, but also confronts power and demands justice, said Hamilton in his remarks before the award presentation.

Khalil situated this kind of reportage within a normative framework of journalism that defends democracy and human rights, for which he outlined four roles: monitorial (watching and warning), facilitative (bringing opposing segments of society together), radical (challenging institutions in the name of rights and freedoms), and collaborative (engaging with power when appropriate). First and foremost, this kind of journalism serves the public interest.

Instead of defending democracy in Bangladesh, we decided to cover the country as if it were a democracy, like Sweden or the United States, and report accordingly.
Tasneem Khalil

An Experiment in Exile


Those commitments guided Netra News from its inception. Khalii established the outlet in 2019 in Sweden, where he had lived in exile since 2008, seeking refuge following his detention and torture by the Bangladeshi military intelligence agency. As he set up the newsroom in exile with colleagues, he made a deliberate choice: rather than defending democratic norms from afar, they would “cover Bangladesh as if it were a democracy, like Sweden or the United States, and report accordingly.”

That meant reporting with no self-censorship or fear. Due to security risks to staff in-country, Netra News adopted the discipline of an intelligence operation, eschewing daily news coverage and opinions to concentrate instead on meticulously vetted investigations. With its reporters distributed across multiple countries and some working undercover in Bangladesh, the newsroom combined offshore editorial independence with on-the-ground reporting, publishing its investigations in both Bangla and English. This approach uniquely positioned the newsroom to cover the July 2024 uprising in Bangladesh with uncommon access.

Now, a year after mass protests toppled Sheikh Hasina’s authoritarian regime, and 18 years after he fled the country, Khalil has returned to open a Netra News bureau in Dhaka. Receiving the Shorenstein Journalism Award on behalf of the outlet at this moment, he said, is both recognition of its impact since its founding and a signal of support to the next generation of journalists carrying its mission forward.
 

Youth-Led Uprising in Context


During the discussion that followed Khalil’s keynote, the panelists considered the prospects for democracy in Bangladesh, the economics of investigative reporting, and the dynamics of youth-led protests in Asia.

Asked how the media landscape in Bangladesh had shifted since the 2024 uprising, Khalil said the media’s muscle memory remains one of censorship and fear. The challenge now is to “unlearn stenography,” that is, the practice of reporting only what those in power say, and build habits of dispassionate public interest journalism that scrutinizes both state and non-state power. That includes the interim government, corporate interests, and majoritarian religious forces.

You’re seeing entrenched political leaders challenged by decentralized youth movements.
William Dobson

Investigative journalism is a tough business to monetize and sustain. Khalil explained that Netra News is a nonprofit and that grant funding from the National Endowment for Democracy has made it possible. Long-term independence, however, will require earning monetary support from the people it serves. “The ultimate test is asking the public, ‘Will you pay for this?’”

Turning to Gen Z protest movements that have swept across South Asia, Dobson noted a wave of digitally savvy youth mobilizations pressing entrenched elites for substantive change. “People want real change, not shuffling the same roster of political players.” The youth-led uprisings that swept through Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and, more recently, Nepal, explained Dobson, had not originally set out to topple the established regimes, but to fight deepening inequality and economic disparities. The agendas changed, however, due to the lack of responsiveness from political institutions that have been hollowed out by patronage and corruption.

Shehabuddin underscored the central role women activists played in Bangladesh’s 2024 protests, leading from the front to help topple the authoritarian government, only to find themselves largely absent from decision-making led by the interim government.

The event concluded with questions from the audience about journalism in transitional contexts and under strain amid democratic backsliding. Newsrooms should aim to serve the entirety of society, said Khalil, alluding to the fragmented media landscape in the United States. As for standing up to anti-democratic power, he returned to first principles: the media’s charge is to bear witness, especially when those in power disapprove.

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Applications Open for 2026-2028 Fellowships at Stanford's Asia-Pacific Research Center

The center offers multiple fellowships in Asian studies to begin in fall quarter 2026. These include a postdoctoral fellowship on political, economic, or social change in the Asia-Pacific region, postdoctoral fellowships focused on Asia health policy and contemporary Japan, postdoctoral fellowships and visiting fellow positions with the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab, and a visiting fellow position on contemporary Taiwan.
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Tasneem Khalil, the founding editor-in-chief of Netra News, winner of the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award, delivers keynote remarks, "To Comfort the Afflicted: Defending Democracy in Bangladesh," at the award ceremony, October 7, 2025, Stanford University.
Rod Searcey
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The 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award recognized Netra News, Bangladesh’s premier independent media outlet, at a celebration featuring Tasneem Khalil, its founding editor-in-chief, who discussed its mission and joined a panel of experts in considering the prospects for democracy in Bangladesh.

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In the context of media consumption in Russia, being online usually means having more “liberal” views, opposed to those actively instilled by the government. One of the most popular news sources online have become the Telegram channels that provide the opportunity to read a plethora of different views on the same topic. The level of trust to the Telegram channels is above 30%, being even higher for the younger generation, which is unprecedented for any other independent source in modern Russia, apart from the state-owned TV.

However, as Sergey Guriev and Daniel Treisman have pointed out, mastery over media as the key point of modern authoritarian regimes. Therefore, since the start of the full-scale invasion in Ukraine in 2022, we have seen the rise of manifold propaganda channels on Telegram as an important part of ongoing fight for support in Russia and across the globe. They include many previously known speakers, but also a cohort of so-called war correspondents, who report and analyze the events on the front, providing first-hand information. They usually align with the pro-Russian narratives about the war, strengthening its propaganda network online. The methods they use to report on the war remain diverse and fluctuating. With the rising tension in the Russian society, we have begun to see criticism of the Russian government from “the other side,” the far-right ambassadors of the “Russian World.” They critique Putin from his right for not mobilizing further to win the war. The peace negotiations between Russia and Ukraine that started in 2025 at the initiative of Donald Trump have produced many postings and speculations among our target group, illustrating previously made guesses about the field and giving us fruitful ground for analysis.

As for the second part of our research, the rise of Twitter as a central hub for political discourse and content dissemination makes it a critical platform for analyzing the spread of foreign propaganda in the digital age. A striking example of this is the 2024 indictment of Tenet Media, a U.S.-based conservative media company covertly funded by Russia’s state-owned RT.  Through a complex network of foreign shell entities and fabricated personas, RT funneled millions of dollars into Tenet Media to covertly shape American political discourse. Influential commentators with millions of followers across platforms—including Twitter—were recruited under false pretenses, with generous compensation and vague direction to create content on divisive U.S. issues. While these influencers denied knowledge of the Russian connection, the DOJ highlighted how the content served Russia’s strategic interests by amplifying domestic U.S. tensions and weakening opposition to its war in Ukraine.10 This case underscores Twitter’s relevance as a tool through which propaganda can be subtly seeded and amplified to mass audiences.

The strategic use of social media for information warfare is not accidental but rooted in longstanding Russian military doctrine. Russian military theorist Valery Gerasimov emphasized the importance of the “information space” as a battlefield, recognizing social media as both a threat and an opportunity for asymmetrical warfare. Since the Western response to Russia’s 2014 actions in Ukraine, the Kremlin has intensified its efforts to influence global audiences through online disinformation. The Tenet Media operation exemplifies the evolution of these strategies—moving from overt messaging by registered foreign agents to covert infiltration of domestic media outlets. Twitter’s role in this ecosystem is central, given its fast-paced, viral nature and its prominence among political commentators. As such, Twitter is not just a platform for public discourse but also a potent battleground where narratives are shaped, contested, and often manipulated by foreign actors.

Another dimension of our research lies in analyzing content in the context of different platforms. Different affordances from the nominatively-independent and privately owned platforms (with or without algorithms) foster varying styles of posting and formulating narratives. The government’s mastery of the online platforms that were previously seen as “liberating technologies” shrinks people’s access to free, uncensored and truthful information.

Our research therefore concentrates on collecting, understanding and analyzing these peace narratives, as well as the speakers producing them, in order to understand the heterogenous and fluctuating landscape of the Russian propaganda on Telegram. Additionally, we are aiming to compare these narratives to those produced by English-speaking influencers on X (former Twitter) of various political views to see how the pro-Russian political agenda manifests differently across borders and between sources.

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Flyer for the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award celebrating Netra News. Text: "To Comfort the Afflicted: Defending Democracy in Bangladesh." Images: in the background, a protest for democracy in the country, August 2024; in the foreground: headshots of the panel speakers.

To Comfort the Afflicted: Defending Democracy in Bangladesh

 

The 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award Honors Netra News and its Founding Editor-in-Chief Tasneem Khalil


As the maxim goes, public interest journalism is about comforting the afflicted and afflicting the comfortable. Since its inception in 2019, Netra News has striven to serve the afflicted in Bangladesh while ceaselessly challenging a one-party police state that engaged in a campaign of enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions. Tasneem Khalil, the editor-in-chief of Netra News, discusses its mission of defending democracy in Bangladesh.

Join Stanford's Asia-Pacific Research Center in celebrating Netra News, winner of the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award for its courageous reportage and efforts to establish and uphold fundamental freedoms in Bangladesh.

Following Khalil's keynote, he will join in conversation with panelists William Dobson, a co-editor of the Journal of Democracy and a member of the selection committee for the Shorenstein Journalism Award, and Professor Elora Shehabuddin, the director of the Chowdhury Center for Bangladesh Studies at UC Berkeley.

Panel Chair: James Hamilton, vice provost for undergraduate education, Hearst Professor of Communication, director of Stanford Journalism Program, Stanford University, and a member of the selection committee for the Shorenstein Journalism Award.

The event will conclude with a Q&A session. It is free and open to all.
Lunch will be provided for registered attendees. 


 

 


Speakers   
 

Tasneem Khalil

Tasneem Khalil, a pioneer of investigative journalism in Bangladesh, is the founding editor-in-chief of the bilingual (English and Bengali) Netra News. Putting the theory of human rights-centric public interest journalism into practice, Netra News stands as Bangladesh's premier independent, non-partisan media outlet. It is committed to establishing and upholding fundamental freedoms in the country via a free press pursuing the truth. Khalil is also the author of Jallad: Death Squads and State Terror in South Asia

William Dobson

William Dobson is the co-editor of the Journal of Democracy. Previously, he was the chief international editor at NPR, where he led the network’s award-winning international coverage and oversaw a team of editors and correspondents in 17 overseas bureaus and Washington, DC. He is the author of The Dictator’s Learning Curve: Inside the Global Battle for Democracy, which examines the struggle between authoritarian regimes and the people who challenge them. It was selected as one of the “best books of the year” by Foreign Affairs, The AtlanticThe Telegraph, and Prospect, and it has been translated into many languages, including Chinese, German, Japanese, and Portuguese.

Before joining NPR, Dobson was Slate magazine’s Washington bureau chief, overseeing the magazine’s coverage of politics, jurisprudence, and international news. Previously, he served as the Managing Editor of Foreign Policy, overseeing the editorial planning of its award-winning magazine, website, and nine foreign editions. Earlier in his career, Dobson served as Newsweek International’s Asia editor, managing a team of correspondents in more than 15 countries. His articles and essays have appeared in the New York TimesWashington PostFinancial TimesWall Street Journal, and elsewhere. He has also served as a visiting scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Dobson holds a law degree from Harvard Law School and a Master’s degree in East Asian Studies from Harvard University. He received his Bachelor’s degree, summa cum laude, from Middlebury College.

Elora Shehabuddin

Elora Shehabuddin is a professor of gender & women's studies, equity advisor in gender & women's studies, director of the Global Studies Program, and director of the Subir and Malini Chowdhury Center for Bangladesh Studies, all at the University of California, Berkeley. Before moving to Berkeley in 2022, she was a professor of transnational Asian studies and core faculty in the Center for the Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality at Rice University. She was an assistant professor of women's studies and political science at UC Irvine from 1999 to 2001. She received her bachelor's degree in social studies from Harvard University and her doctorate in politics from Princeton University.

She is the author of Sisters in the Mirror: A History of Muslim Women and the Global Politics of Feminism (University of California Press, 2021), Reshaping the Holy: Democracy, Development, and Muslim Women in Bangladesh (Columbia University Press, 2008), and Empowering Rural Women: The Impact of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh (Grameen Bank, 1992). She has published articles in Meridians, Signs, Journal of Women's History, History of the Present, Economic & Political Weekly, Modern Asian Studies, Südasien-Chronik [South Asia Chronicle], Journal of Bangladesh Studies, and Asian Survey, as well as chapters in numerous edited volumes. She was a guest co-editor of a special issue of Feminist Economics on “Gender and Economics in Muslim Communities.” She is co-editor of the Journal of Bangladesh Studies and serves on the editorial board of a new Cambridge University Press book series titled "Muslim South Asia."

Panel Chair
 

James Hamilton

James T. Hamilton is vice provost for undergraduate education, the Hearst Professor of Communication, and director of the Journalism Program at Stanford University. His books on media markets and information provision include All the News That’s Fit to Sell: How the Market Transforms Information into News (Princeton, 2004), Regulation Through Revelation: The Origin, Politics, and Impacts of the Toxics Release Inventory Program (Cambridge, 2005), and Channeling Violence: The Economic Market for Violent Television Programming (Princeton, 1998). His most recent book, Democracy’s Detectives: The Economics of Investigative Journalism (Harvard, 2016), focuses on the market for investigative reporting. Through research in the field of computational journalism, he is exploring how the costs of story discovery can be lowered through better use of data and algorithms. Hamilton is co-founder of the Stanford Computational Journalism Lab, senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, affiliated faculty at the Brown Institute for Media Innovation, and member of the JSK Fellowships Board of Visitors.

For his accomplishments in research, he has won awards such as the David N Kershaw Award of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, the Goldsmith Book Prize from the Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center (twice), the Frank Luther Mott Research Award (twice), and a Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences Fellowship. Teaching awards from Harvard, Duke, and Stanford include the Allyn Young Prize for Excellence in Teaching the Principles of Economics, Trinity College Distinguished Teaching Award, Bass Society of Fellows, Susan Tifft Undergraduate Teaching and Mentoring Award, and School of Humanities and Sciences Dean’s Award for Distinguished Teaching.

Before joining the Stanford faculty, Hamilton taught at Duke University’s Sanford School of Public Policy, where he directed the De Witt Wallace Center for Media and Democracy. He earned a bachelor's degree in economics and government (summa cum laude) and a doctorate in economics, both from Harvard University.

James Hamilton


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At the 2025 Daniel Pearl Memorial Lecture, journalist and author Amir Tibon discussed how his family survived Hamas’ invasion from Gaza into Israel on Saturday, October 7, 2023, the history of Israeli-Gazan relations, as well as scenarios for the future of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

“Rockets are falling,” Tibon said, reading a portion of his new book, The Gates of Gaza: A Story of Betrayal, Survival, and Home in Israel's Borderlands. “We [Amir Tibon, his wife Miri, and their two infant daughters] are locked in this room inside our house. We certainly had never heard a bullet cracking through a window and hitting a wall inside a sealed house. Let alone our house. But that's exactly what we were now hearing.”

In the May 12 discussion with Larry Diamond, Mosbacher Senior Fellow in Global Democracy at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Tibon described that harrowing day and the heroic account of how his father, retired Major General Noam Tibon, fought his way into Kibbutz Nahal-Oz, and eventually helped rescue the family.

The Daniel Pearl Memorial Lecture honors the life of Daniel Pearl (Class of '85), who was a journalist, musician, and family man dedicated to the ideals of peace and humanity. In 2002, Daniel was kidnapped and killed by terrorists in Pakistan while working as a foreign correspondent for the Wall Street Journal. The event was hosted by the Visiting Fellows in Israel Studies program at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law.

An audience of nearly 200 guests filled Bechtel Conference Center to hear Tibon speak.
An audience of nearly 200 guests filled Bechtel Conference Center to hear Tibon speak. | Rod Searcey

‘Keep the girls calm and quiet’


For almost 10 hours on October 7, Tibon and his wife and daughters listened to the sounds of gunfire and rockets outside, while monitoring Hamas atrocities on their phones and sending desperate SOS messages from their darkened safe room. 

Tibon said, “We had only one advantage, which is that we could hear them, we could hear their bullets, we could hear their shouting, and if we managed to keep the girls calm and quiet, they wouldn't hear us. And so that was our mission, to keep the girls calm and quiet.” 

They did, waiting until about 4:00 pm when the family was eventually freed by Tibon’s father, who drove with his mother from Tel Aviv to rescue the besieged family. Along the way, his parents made key decisions to rescue wounded Israelis by taking them to the hospital.

Learning later on about his parents’ dangerous foray into a war zone — and the aid they offered along the way — Tibon gained a deeper insight about saving those in grave peril. This informs his moral stance on prioritizing the rescue of the remaining 58 hostages — alive and dead — still held by Hamas in Gaza, over the competing priority of dismantling Hamas as a military and governing organization:

“When I look today at the dilemma of the state of Israel, whether to continue the war after 20 months or to stop in order to save those who need immediate saving, I don't see a dilemma. You save those who need immediate saving, and then you continue the mission,” said Tibon, focusing on the fates of the approximately 20 living Israeli hostages still held in Gaza.

When Diamond asked him about the word “betrayal” in the book’s subtitle, Tibon said the dual meaning of the term is a conscious one. The word “betrayal” reflects two concepts — the failure of the Israeli government, military, and intelligence services to heed early danger warnings about a Hamas attack, and the disappointment about their neighbors in Gaza, with whom they had for years worked with on peace and reconciliation issues. 

He recalled kibbutz members who volunteered to take cancer patients from Gaza in their cars to Israeli hospitals so they could receive optimal medical treatments.

“This was a peace-seeking community that, for many years, advocated for peace and reconciliation,” he said.

Following the conversation, Tibon took questions from the audience.
Following the conversation, Tibon took questions from the audience. | Rod Searcey

As for accountability, Tibon emphasized the need for Israel to launch an independent and professional investigation into the October 7 catastrophe through a State Commission of Inquiry. Such an inquiry would examine the causes of the strategic, intelligence, defensive, and operational breakdowns experienced by Israel before, during, and after the attack, and would establish who was responsible for the multiple failures. 

“This is the strongest tool in the Israeli system for investigating failures of the state. It's a commission established by the government, headed by a former judge, that has all the powers of a seated court to invite witnesses and investigate,” he added, noting that the current government has not yet approved such an endeavor, despite about 70-85 percent of Israelis supporting such a commission.

Tibon said, “The government is refusing to do it because they are afraid of what will come out.”

‘Shifted public opinion’


The October 7 Hamas terrorist attack marked a major, and rather peculiar, shift in domestic Israeli politics, Tibon said.

“It shifted public opinion on the conflict to the right because there is a lack of belief in the peace process after this kind of thing. And at the same time, it significantly weakened the current right-wing government, which in all the public opinion polls is losing a lot of support,” he said.

He explained that this trend reveals that Israelis currently do not believe in a peace process and that they perceive an existential need to defend their families and homeland. 

At the same time, Israelis want a serious and competent government, and the existing right-leaning government is not viewed as such.

“We have to be led and managed by competent, serious people, and this government is not considered competent or serious by most of the Israeli public for obvious reasons,” he said.
 


Forever wars may be good for religious preachers, but they're not good for border communities. Border communities need to reach an end and go back and rebuild.
Amir Tibon


In his book, Tibon expresses deep empathy for the people who are suffering in Gaza, and he reflects on another subtitle, “hope.”

Hope can begin, he said, with saving the Israeli hostages and then ending the war. “Forever wars may be good for religious preachers, but they're not good for border communities. Border communities need to reach an end and go back and rebuild,” said Tibon.

He cited a Polish poet, who once wrote that after every war, somebody has to clean up. “We are the ones who are going to have to clean up and fix our own houses,” he said.

Tibon is an award-winning diplomatic correspondent for Haaretz, an Israeli newspaper. His story and book, The Gates of Gaza, was featured on 60 Minutes.

He, his wife, and daughters are currently living in temporary housing in north-central Israel.  

Diamond said, “This is a story of remarkable courage and tenacity from many quarters in the face of unspeakable terror and potentially paralyzing fear. It is quintessentially an Israeli story.”

A full recording of the conversation can be viewed here.

The 2025 Daniel Pearl Memorial Lecture was presented by the Visiting Fellows in Israel Studies program in partnership with the Daniel Pearl Foundation, the Taube Center for Jewish Studies, and Hillel at Stanford

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Journalist and author Amir Tibon spoke with Larry Diamond at the May 12 event.
Journalist and author Amir Tibon spoke with Larry Diamond at the May 12 event.
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Journalist Amir Tibon shared his family’s story of survival, betrayal, and hope for peace with a Stanford audience, while also offering insights on contemporary Israeli politics.

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Stanford University’s Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) announced today, in the run-up to World Press Freedom Day, that Bangladesh-focused investigative newsroom Netra News is the recipient of the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award. Banned in Bangladesh, Netra News is a Sweden-based, independent platform for public interest journalism that publishes reportage, analysis, and debate on Bangladeshi politics and society. The award recognizes the media outlet for its courageous investigations into high-level corruption and human rights abuses in Bangladesh, defending press freedom, and championing the rule of law and democratic values in the country, one of the world’s most difficult places for practicing journalism. APARC will present the Shorenstein Award to Tasneem Khalil, the platform’s founding editor-in-chief, at a ceremony at Stanford University in autumn 2025.

Sponsored by APARC, the annual Shorenstein Award carries a $10,000 cash prize and honors journalists and journalism organizations for advancing a greater understanding of Asia through outstanding reporting on critical issues in the region. Emulating this purpose, Netra News and its team of editors and reporters have published fearless investigations into human rights violations and corruption in Bangladesh, including extrajudicial killings and acts of torture by security forces, deadly custodial abuse by military personnel, an illegal secret prison run by Bangladesh’s notorious military intelligence agency, and state-sponsored cybercrime

Bangladesh had experienced political corruption for decades and had long been a dangerous environment for journalists. Between 2001 and 2006 — a time when an interim government supported by the military took over — journalists in the country suffered threats, intimidation, harassment, and torture from law enforcement agencies.

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Tasneem Khalil

Investigative reporter Tasneem Khalil experienced the regime’s brutality firsthand. A pioneer of investigative journalism in Bangladesh and author of Jallad: Death Squads and State Terror in South Asia, Khalil had worked for the Bangladeshi English-language Daily Star, consulted Human Rights Watch, and was a news representative for CNN. In 2007, he was arrested and tortured by Bangladesh’s military intelligence agency in response to his reports on human and civil rights violations by state forces. He was released thanks to international pressure and, after several weeks spent in hiding, escaped Bangladesh and took refuge in Sweden.

Over the next decade, press freedom in Bangladesh steadily declined as then-Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her ruling party, the Awami League, tightened their grip by brutally harassing and silencing opposition voices and independent civil society figures. To stifle peaceful dissent and curb free expression, the government passed draconian laws, such as the 2018 Digital Security Act (DSA), under which journalists and critics of the Awami League were routinely targeted and prosecuted.

Khalil launched Netra News on December 26, 2019, to hold Bangladesh’s government and security forces accountable and defend fundamental freedoms in the country. Within 48 hours of publishing its first exposé on alleged ministerial corruption, its site was blocked in Bangladesh. Since then, Khalil has overseen Netra News’ growth into the country’s premier independent, non-partisan investigative media outlet, combining offshore human rights-centric public interest journalism with on-the-ground reporting. 


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Operating amid severe risks, Netra News has become a vital force for speaking truth to power and defending the rule of law in Bangladesh. Under Tasneem Khalil’s leadership, its investigations have pushed the boundaries of accountability journalism and innovative storytelling.
Gi-Wook Shin
Director, APARC

The newsroom's bold coverage, published in English and Bangla, has earned international recognition, including a Sigma Award, a Human Rights Press Award, and a Global Shining Light Award. In summer 2024, as mass student-led protests against Ms. Hasina broke out across Bangladesh and authorities imposed violent crackdowns and internet blackouts, Netra News emerged as a rare source of non-partisan information on the unfolding events. The protests toppled Hasina’s authoritarian government, whose actions may amount to crimes against humanity, according to a recent United Nations report.

“Operating amid severe risks, Netra News has become a vital force for speaking truth to power and defending the rule of law in Bangladesh,” said Stanford sociologist Gi-Wook Shin, the William J. Perry Professor of Contemporary Korea and the director of APARC. “Under Tasneem Khalil’s leadership, the newsroom investigations have pushed the boundaries of accountability journalism and innovative storytelling. We are excited to honor Netra News with the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award and recognize Mr. Khalil’s fight for human rights and press freedom.”

Presented annually by APARC, the Shorenstein Award honors the legacy of APARC’s benefactor, Mr. Walter H. Shorenstein, and his twin passions for promoting excellence in journalism and understanding of Asia. The judging committee for the award, which selected Netra News as the 2025 honoree, noted that the newsroom’s work will be crucial as Bangladesh, now led by an interim government headed by Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus, tries to pursue constitutional reform, safeguard what young people have made possible, and avert a return to authoritarian rule.

The judging committee members are William Dobson, co-editor of the Journal of Democracy; Anna Fifield, Asia-Pacific Editor of the Washington Post and recipient of the 2018 Shorenstein Journalism Award; James Hamilton, vice provost for undergraduate education, Hearst Professor of Communication, and director of the Stanford Journalism Program at Stanford University; Louisa Lim, associate professor, audio-visual journalism culture and communication at the University of Melbourne; and Raju Narisetti, partner and leader of McKinsey Global Publishing, McKinsey & Company.

Twenty-three honorees previously received the Shorenstein award, including most recently Chris Buckley, chief China correspondent for the New York Times; India's premier magazine of long-form journalism The Caravan; NPR’s Emily Feng for her work as Beijing correspondent; Swe Win, editor-in-chief of the independent Burmese news organization Myanmar Now; Tom Wright, co-author of the bestseller Billion Dollar Whale and a veteran Asia reporter; and Nobel Laureate Maria Ressa, CEO and executive editor of the Philippines-based news organization Rappler.

Information about the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award ceremony and panel discussion featuring Mr. Khalil will be forthcoming in the fall quarter.

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Sponsored by Stanford University’s Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, the 24th annual Shorenstein Journalism Award honors Netra News, Bangladesh's premier independent, non-partisan media outlet, for its unflinching reportage on human rights abuses and corruption in Bangladesh and its efforts to establish and uphold fundamental freedoms in the country.

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There is a widespread perception that China’s digital censorship distances its people from the global internet, and the Chinese Communist Party, through state-controlled media, is the main gatekeeper of information about foreign affairs. Our analysis of narratives about the Russo-Ukrainian War circulating on the Chinese social media platform Weibo challenges this view. Comparing narratives on Weibo with 8.26 million unique news articles from 2,500 of some of the most trafficked websites in China, Russia, Ukraine, and the United States (totaling 10,000 sites), we find that Russian news websites published more articles matching narratives found on Weibo than news websites from China, Ukraine, or the United States. Similarly, a plurality of Weibo narratives were most associated with narratives found on Russian news websites while less than ten percent were most associated with narratives from Chinese news sites. Narratives later appearing on Weibo were more likely to first appear on Russian rather than Chinese, Ukrainian, or US news websites, and Russian websites were highly influential for narratives appearing on Weibo. Altogether, these results show that Chinese state media was not the main gatekeeper of information about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine for Weibo users.

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Jennifer Pan
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Noa Ronkin
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The Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC), Stanford University’s hub for the interdisciplinary study of contemporary Asia, invites nominations for the 2025 Shorenstein Journalism Award. The award recognizes outstanding journalists and journalism organizations for their significant contributions to reporting on the complexities of the Asia-Pacific region. The 2025 award will honor an Asian news media outlet or a journalist whose work has primarily appeared in Asian news media. Award nomination entries are due by Saturday, February 15, 2025.

Sponsored by APARC, the award carries a cash prize of US $10,000. It alternates between recipients who have primarily contributed to Asian news media and those whose work has mainly appeared in Western news media. In the 2025 cycle, the award will recognize a recipient from the former category. The Award Selection Committee invites nominations from news editors, publishers, scholars, teachers, journalists, news media outlets, journalism associations, and entities focused on researching and interpreting the Asia-Pacific region. Self-nominations are not accepted.

The award defines the Asia-Pacific region as encompassing Northeast, Southeast, South, and Central Asia, as well as Australasia. Both individual journalists with a substantial body of work and journalism organizations are eligible for the award. Nominees’ work may be in print or broadcast journalism or in emerging forms of multimedia journalism. The Award Selection Committee, comprised of journalism and Asia experts, judges nomination entries and selects the honorees.

An annual tradition since 2002, the award honors the legacy of APARC benefactor, Mr. Walter H. Shorenstein, and his twin passions for promoting excellence in journalism and understanding of Asia. Throughout its history, the award has recognized world-class journalists who push the boundaries of reporting on Asia. Recent honorees include The New York Times' Chief China Correspondent Chris Buckley; India's long-form narrative journalism magazine The Caravan; Burmese journalist and human rights defender Swe Win; and Maria Ressa, CEO of the Philippine news platform Rappler and 2021 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.

Award nominations are accepted electronically via our online entry form through Saturday, February 15, 2025, at 11:59 PM PST. For information about the nomination rules and to submit an entry please visit the award nomination entry page. APARC will announce the winner by April 2025 and present the award at a public ceremony at Stanford in autumn quarter 2025.

Please direct all inquiries to aparc-communications@stanford.edu.

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Sponsored by Stanford University’s Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, the annual Shoresntein Award promotes excellence in journalism on the Asia-Pacific region and carries a cash prize of US $10,000. The 2025 award will honor an Asian news media outlet or a journalist whose work has primarily appeared in Asian news media. Nomination entries are due by February 15, 2025.

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