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Stanford Report: The First Lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, spoke at SCPKU today and said study abroad allows students to realize that countries all have a stake in each other's success.  Following her remarks, she held a conversation with students on the Stanford campu via SCPKU's Highly Immersive Classroom. Read more.

 

 

 

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Gary Mukai
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SPICE has the honor of working closely with the Yanai Tadashi Foundation. The Yanai Tadashi Foundation’s mission is twofold. The first focuses on leader development by developing “leaders who can solve issues from a global perspective and drive the growth of Japan and the world.” The Foundation works towards this goal through its International Scholarship Program and the Ryugaku Fellowship, a study abroad support program. The recipients of the International Scholarship Program have the honor of carrying the title of Yanai Scholar. Since 2015, the Yanai Tadashi Foundation has funded very generous scholarships to Japanese students who enter top colleges and universities in the United States and the United Kingdom.

The second mission focuses on the promotion of mutual understanding. The Foundation “strives to create a society where people with diverse backgrounds develop mutual understanding and live in harmony.” The Foundation works towards this goal through Stanford e-Japan, a distance-learning course administered through SPICE with generous support from the Yanai Tadashi Foundation. First offered in Spring 2015, Stanford e-Japan enrolls exceptional high school students in Japan to engage in an intensive study of U.S. society and culture and U.S.–Japan relations. The Spring 2025 course marks the tenth year of Stanford e-Japan. The instructors of Stanford e-Japan are Waka Takahashi Brown, Manager and spring session instructor, and Meiko Kotani, fall session instructor. One of the goals of the course is to encourage Japanese students to consider applying to colleges and universities in the United States. Though many Japanese students have considered doing so, one major concern has been the cost.

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Meiko Kotani and I recently met four freshman Yanai Scholars at Stanford, and they offered to share their experiences at Stanford—as well as their gratitude to Mr. Tadashi Yanai and the Yanai Tadashi Foundation—in this article. Photo above: Gary Mukai, Mr. Tadashi Yanai, and Waka Takahashi Brown, courtesy the Yanai Tadashi Foundation.

Koichi Kimoto

I am a first-year student planning to study Aerospace Engineering/Electrical Engineering. As a Yanai Tadashi Foundation Scholar at Stanford, I feel very honored and grateful to be able to attend a university abundant of opportunities in terms of activities and network at virtually no cost. I know for a fact that my family would not have been able to support my college education costs in a university in the United States (especially a private school), so being a recipient of the Yanai Tadashi Foundation scholarship was the enabling part in realizing my goals of studying Aerospace Engineering at a school in the United States, where the field is most predominant.

Receiving the scholarship acceptance before college admissions was also a huge benefit both psychologically and admissions-wise, since it alleviated my worries about financial burden and kept me solely focused on just getting into a university. Moreover, not only does the YTF scholarship help me attend Stanford right now, but being a part of such a wonderful community of such diverse, talented people has made me a part of an amazing network full of potential collaborators in various fields ranging from engineering, computer science, and music, and I have accomplished so much with my fellow Yanai Scholars, and I hope to keep and learning and growing through this opportunity of a lifetime.

Chisa Ogaki

I am beyond grateful and honored to be able to study at Stanford as a Yanai Tadashi Foundation Scholar. Thanks to Mr. Yanai and the Foundation, I am able to immerse myself fully in my college experience and pursue a degree in Mechanical Engineering without any financial burden on my family. Beyond the generous financial support, what truly differentiates the Yanai Tadashi Foundation from other scholarship foundations in Japan is the community. It has been invigorating to connect with and learn from fellow Yanai Scholars who are all incredibly skilled in their respective fields. Our alumni are always willing to offer mentorship and many of us stay connected well after graduating college.

The Foundation also actively helps us build this sense of community by hosting annual retreats and events that bring us scholars together. One of the highlights of my Stanford experience so far is the weekly dinner I have with three other first-year Yanai Scholars at Stanford. After a long and eventful week, it is always refreshing to come together on the weekend to recap and share stories. Listening to each of their experiences refuels my motivation to work harder in the following week. The connections I have made with fellow Yanai Scholars have enriched my college experience and will continue to inspire me to make the most of my education at Stanford.

Issa Sadamoto

I am a freshman studying Computer Science, with an interest in other fields such as Classics, History, and International Relations. Being able to attend Stanford through the financial assistance granted by the Yanai Tadashi Foundation, I am most grateful for the chance to attend a university that allows me to explore my breadth of interest to the fullest extent, not constrained by a narrow four-year structure. Taking classes and being able to enjoy undergraduate life having the privilege not to worry about my financial situation, the Yanai Tadashi Foundation and Stanford enable me to dive into my interests and find my future passions.

The Foundation’s support extends beyond mere financial assistance. The community it has formed has helped to push and motivate me. The environment of highly motivated peers within the community motivates me daily to excel academically and engage meaningfully with campus opportunities. The diverse perspectives I have encountered have challenged my preconceptions and enriched my worldview in ways I never anticipated. Each conversation with fellow scholars introduces new ideas that complement my technical studies with humanistic insights. This integration of knowledge domains is precisely what I hoped to achieve in my education. I hope to keep leveraging this amazing chance to further grow and develop my interests, and to keep learning from the wonderful environment offered by Stanford!

Shodai Tanaka

Firstly, I love the violin. My dream was to study the physics of musical instruments at Stanford. The dream has come true with the support of the Yanai Tadashi Foundation scholarship and the great community of Yanai Scholars. Since coming here, I have been recognizing the history of the Japanese people anew, including the history of myself. As an international student who has spent almost the entirety of my life inside Hokkaido, Japan, it is not an easy workload to study abroad and be exposed to a different culture. However, in Stanford’s environment, with freedom and therefore requiring agency, I am gaining diverse thinking perspectives from intriguing teachers and friends.

Also, as an enthusiastic violin player, I am joining the ensemble group playing early-period music. It is interesting to perform and talk about music with fascinating people at Stanford who are scientists and musicians. I have been immersed in the interdisciplinary culture at Stanford, which transcends fields from biology to visual arts, from music to computer science, physics, and even politics. I have an urge to further my interdisciplinary exploration with “Wakuwaku” (わくわく).



 

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During a recent meeting at the Yanai Tadashi Foundation in Tokyo, I had the pleasure of meeting with Chikano Shiroma, SPICE’s former main liaison at the Yanai Tadashi Foundation; photo to the left courtesy the Yanai Tadashi Foundation. She has met with many Yanai Scholars at Stanford and other colleges and universities. Waka Takahashi Brown, Meiko Kotani, and I would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to her for her unwavering support of Stanford e-Japan and the chance to work with Yanai Scholars, several of whom are alumni of Stanford e-Japan. Two of Chikano Shiroma’s colleagues—Kano Sasaki, Masami Ueda—kindly joined the meeting as well, and we are looking forward to working closely with them as well as Ayako Tamura and Takatoshi Tanaka this year. 

To stay informed of SPICE news, join our email list and follow us on FacebookX, and Instagram.

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Four Stanford e-Japan Alumni Awarded Yanai Tadashi Foundation Scholarships

In 2015, SPICE launched the inaugural online course, Stanford e-Japan, for high school students in Japan.
Four Stanford e-Japan Alumni Awarded Yanai Tadashi Foundation Scholarships
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Highest Performing Students of Stanford e-Japan and the Reischauer Scholars Program Are Recognized at Stanford University

The Honorable Yo Osumi, Consul General of Japan in San Francisco, makes opening comments.
Highest Performing Students of Stanford e-Japan and the Reischauer Scholars Program Are Recognized at Stanford University
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Empowering the Next Generation of Japanese Leaders

Yanai Scholars, Stanford e-Japan alumni, and EducationUSA representatives highlight a special session for the Spring 2022 Stanford e-Japan students.
Empowering the Next Generation of Japanese Leaders
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Four Stanford freshmen Yanai Scholars reflect on their experiences.

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This paper examines whether education can play a role in mitigating gender inequality in the process of sectoral reallocation of labour. We exploit the exogenous variations in educational attainment induced by the implementation of the 1986 Compulsory Education Law (CEL) in China. Using data from the 2018 wave of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and a cohort difference-in-differences (DID) approach, we find that the CEL narrowed the gender gap in education for rural residents, but it did not reduce gender inequality in labour market outcomes, such as wage labour participation and wage rate. Our analysis reveals that this persistent inequality in labour market outcomes can be attributed to gender differences in migration and occupational choices. Specifically, rural males exposed to the CEL were more likely to migrate outside local provinces and work in low-skilled manufacturing sectors, while rural females tended to stay within local counties and work in low-skilled service sectors. Furthermore, we provide evidence that their differential migration responses are driven by household labour divisions and social gender norms, rather than disparities in cognitive skills.

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The Journal of Development Studies
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Gang Xie
Scott Rozelle
Scott Rozelle
Chengfang Liu
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Since its independence from French colonial rule in 1943, Lebanon has been a perennial bellwether of major geopolitical trends in the modern Middle East. Strategically located, populated by a diverse patchwork of ethnic and religious groups, and often too weak to fend off external interference, Lebanon is the quintessential arena for order contestation in the region. With the weakening of Iran-backed Hezbollah inside Lebanon, the fall of the Assad regime in Syria, and an uneasy ceasefire with Israel, can Lebanon turn the corner towards improved governance, stability, and perhaps even peace? This panel will explore what current dynamics in Lebanon can teach us about the actors and forces shaping the Land of the Cedars, as well as the wider Middle East. 

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS

Hanin Ghaddar is the Friedmann Senior Fellow in The Washington Institute's Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics. Her research focuses on Shia politics, Hezbollah, and Lebanon. The longtime managing editor of Lebanon's NOW news website, Ghaddar shed light on a broad range of cutting-edge issues, from the evolution of Hezbollah inside Lebanon's fractured political system to Iran's growing influence throughout the Middle East. Prior to joining NOW in 2007, Ghaddar wrote for the Lebanese newspapers As-Safir, An-Nahar, and Al-Hayat, and also worked as a researcher for the United Nations Development Program regional office. She is the author of the book “Hezbollahland.”

Abbas Milani is the Hamid and Christina Moghadam Director of Iranian Studies at Stanford University, one of the founding co-directors of the Iran Democracy Project and a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. His expertise includes U.S.-Iran relations as well as Iranian cultural, political, and security issues.

Amichai Magen is the Visiting Fellow in Israel Studies at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. In Israel, he is a Senior Lecturer (US Associate Professor), Head of the MA Program in Diplomacy & Conflict Studies, and Director of the Program on Democratic Resilience and Development (PDRD) at the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, Reichman University. His research and teaching interests address democracy, the rule of law, liberal orders, risk and political violence.

Only those with an active Stanford ID with access to Encina Hall E409 (Goldman Conference Room) may attend in person. Virtual to Public. 

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Amichai Magen
Abbas Milani
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Hideto Fukudome
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The following is a guest article written by Dr. Hideto Fukudome. He is a Professor of Higher Education and Chair of the Department of Integrated Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Education, and also Special Assistant to the President, the University of Tokyo.

In October 2024, the Graduate School of Education of the University of Tokyo celebrated a memorable and highly significant day. It was the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for mutual academic exchange between SPICE of Stanford University and the Graduate School of Education of the University of Tokyo. The ceremony was held on a beautiful autumn day at the Hongo campus of the University of Tokyo. We invited two guests from Stanford: Dr. Gary Mukai, Director of SPICE, and Professor Stephen Murphy-Shigematsu, a lecturer at Stanford and former professor at the University of Tokyo. Eight faculty members of the School of Education and several related staff members attended the ceremony. As participants looked on, Professor Masaaki Katsuno, Dean of the Graduate School of Education, and Dr. Mukai signed the document.

The MOU document between the two organizations has an official appearance. Nevertheless, contained in its formal content is an essential friendship. Furthermore, it is not only the members who attended the ceremony that day who are in the circle of friendship. After the ceremony, faculty and students who had participated in previous SPICE collaborations gathered to renew old friendships around Dr. Mukai and Dr. Murphy-Shigematsu, and new exchanges were born there. In the evening, Professor Miho Takahashi of the Graduate School of Education hosted a research seminar and reception with Dr. Murphy-Shigematsu. Everyone had a pleasant time.

Moreover, the exchange between the two organizations is supported by many SPICE friends. The exchange between the two organizations, which began in 2019, was affected by the impact of COVID-19 along the way, but we continued to interact with each other across distances using online resources. We have continued to organize a regular Lecture Series, in which many SPICE members have participated and supported. In the process, we have learned a lot from each other about international and cross-cultural education. SPICE members offered their breadth and depth of knowledge and experience. SPICE’s willingness to engage in exchanges with Japan and Asia has deepened our friendship. Above all, all of us share a passion for education!

Here are our exchanges so far. I invited Dr. Mukai to Japan for the first time in 2019. Professor Takeo Hoshi helped me. He is currently a professor of economics and vice president of UTokyo, and he was formerly a professor at the Stanford FSI, to which SPICE belongs. In the fall of 2022, I invited Dr. Mukai to UTokyo as a foreign researcher invited by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). During his two-month stay, various exchanges were born between faculty members, students, and UTokyo’s affiliated middle school, and memories were made. Among them, I will never forget the graduate class Dr. Mukai and I offered. Enthusiastic students gathered to attend. With the help of Dr. Mukai, we also held various events, and many people participated, creating many new encounters and friendships.

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Since 2023, I have been taking graduate students from UTokyo to Stanford University every year to give intensive lectures. The photo above was taken after a presentation by SPICE’s Meiko Kotani (front row far left), Sabrina Ishimatsu (front row third from left), and Irene Bryant (front row fourth from left); photo courtesy Graduate School of Education of the University of Tokyo. Each time, 15 to 20 students join the program. I ask SPICE members and Stanford University faculty and staff to give lectures and workshops. Through these, students deepen their understanding of cross-cultural education and diversity and learn a lot about American higher education, education, and cultural history. When visiting Stanford University, we also visit nearby higher education institutions such as the University of California, Berkeley, Foothill College, and San Francisco State University, which are friendly universities. We also visit related facilities, such as the Japanese American Museum of San Jose, the Immigration Museum on Angel Island, the Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco, and IT companies in Silicon Valley in order to broaden the students’ experiences. Appreciating art and watching sports are important parts of learning about American culture.

The highlight of our visits is the meeting with SPICE members, which is always the most enjoyable time. We are grateful to all the lecturers and staff who welcome and warmly host our visits. This special opportunity provided by SPICE has significantly contributed to the internationalization and quality of teaching and research in the School of Education.

Many Japanese and Japanese Americans are active in Silicon Valley, centered around Stanford University, and they are putting into practice cross-cultural exchange. Every time I visit the area, I am greatly stimulated and learn a lot from them and people interested in Japan and Asia. My perspective has broadened dramatically, and I can gain new ways of thinking. I am also interacting with UTokyo’s alumni group Akamon-kai, which has two local groups in the San Francisco Bay Area. I hope to further strengthen the relationship through more visits in the future.

Our MOU will be an opportunity for more people to participate in our exchanges and have scholarly exchanges as well as a fun time, and our mutual friendship will deepen and broaden. The MOU itself may be a formal document, but what is important is the friendly exchange rooted in mutual friendship and common interests, which now will have even more opportunities to blossom thanks to the MOU.

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A Gateway to Collaboration: SPICE/Stanford and CASEER/University of Tokyo

The SPICE/Stanford–CASEER/UTokyo Lecture Series provides a platform to share current educational research and practice.
A Gateway to Collaboration: SPICE/Stanford and CASEER/University of Tokyo
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SPICE/Stanford collaborates with the Graduate School of Education at the University of Tokyo.

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Applications for Stanford e-Entrepreneurship Japan (SeEJ) are now open. This all-English online program aims to develop Japanese students’ creative thinking and problem-solving abilities to tackle social challenges. SeEJ is offered twice a year, in the fall and spring, through a collaboration between SPICE and the non-profit organization e-Entrepreneurship in Japan. The course is led by Irene Bryant in the fall and Makiko Hirata in the spring. It is available to Japanese-speaking high school students, in or from Japan, in their first and second years. The spring 2025 session will take place from early April to August.

The fall course is generously supported by Noriko & Norman Chen and Andrew & Mako Ogawa. The spring course is generously supported by Tomonori & Sakiko Tani.
 

The application form is now available at https://forms.gle/T2tX6hW9kXwo9xzB9. The submission deadline is March 22, 2025, at 11:59 PM Japan Time.

Stanford e-Entrepreneurship Japan helped me develop a deeper sense of curiosity, and taught me how to refine my ideas. Thanks to that I am now convinced that even high school students can inspire people and change the world.
Yuuka Fujimoto, spring 2024 participant

SeEJ provides students with the chance to interact with entrepreneurs and scholars from California and beyond who are working to solve social challenges. The program features virtual classes (VCs) held twice a month on Sundays. Throughout the course, students will complete two research projects—one individually and one as part of a group. The group project will be presented to a panel of guest judges, who will assess each team’s social innovation in addressing real-world issues. Participants who successfully finish the course will be awarded a Certificate of Completion from SPICE and NPO e-Entrepreneurship.

Applicants need to be available and committed to attending VCs held on the following Sunday mornings, Japan Time: 4/20, 5/4, 5/18, 6/1, 6/15, 7/6, 7/20, 8/10, and 8/24. Most classes will be from 10AM to 12PM, except for VC#1 and VC#7 which will be from 10AM to 12:30PM. In addition to the VCs, students will have assignments that will require about 3–5 hours per week for class preparation, individual assignments, and group work.

When I think about current social issues, I picture a big mountain... this program and people have given me the confidence and skills [to help me] pave my own path, create new climbing stones, and slowly continue to make my way up this daunting yet exciting mountain.
Sora Lipscy, spring 2024 participant

For more information about Stanford e-Entrepreneurship Japan, visit the program webpage. To apply, submit the online application by March 22.

Stanford e-Entrepreneurship Japan is one of several online courses offered by SPICE.

To stay updated on SPICE news, join our email list and follow us on FacebookX, and Instagram.

3/13/25 EDIT: Application deadline updated from March 15 to March 22, 2025.

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Applications are now being accepted for the spring 2025 session. Interested high school students in Japan should apply by March 22, 2025.

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Stanford Continuing Studies
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For decades, we tended to think about the Middle East as a region of the world perpetually trailing behind the arc of history — unable to arrive at democracy, economic interdependence, cooperative regionalism, and peace. But what if the Middle East is not a laggard, but a laboratory for 21st-century geopolitics? What if we approach the Middle East through a different lens, as an arena where global and regional powers (United States, Russia, China, Iran, Israel, Egypt, Turkey, etc.) compete to shape a new political order, offering us invaluable insights into the possible futures of global politics?

Geopolitics in the 21st-Century Middle East will explore the actors, trends, and dynamics that created the modern Middle East and shape it today and provide possible scenarios for the future. Featuring experts from across Stanford and the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law, as well as experts from other institutions, the course starts with a historical overview of the formation of the modern Middle East. It will also analyze the role of states, authoritarianism, and violent non-state actors in the region. The course will then examine how various countries — Egypt, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, and Turkey, for example — approach the deep transformations taking place in the Middle East. Toward the end of the course, students will consider scenarios for the future, including how the Middle East intersects with broader changes in the international system. Finally, the course will discuss prospects for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and evaluate whether the current tumult in the Middle East could create unexpected opportunities for broader regional peace.

Guest lecturers include Ali Yaycıoğlu (Director, Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies, Stanford), Lisa Blaydes (Professor in Political Science and Senior Fellow, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford), Amichai Magen (Visiting Professor and Fellow in Israel Studies, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford), Hanin Ghaddar (Senior Fellow, Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics, Washington Institute), Cole Bunzel (Hoover Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford), Hesham Sallam (Senior Research Scholar, Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford), Ayça Alemdaroğlu (Associate Director, Program on Turkey, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford), Abbas Milani (Director, Hamid and Christina Moghadam Program in Iranian Studies, Stanford), Benjamin Miller (Professor of International Relations, University of Haifa), and Ghaith al-Omari (Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Foundation Senior Fellow, Washington Institute).

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Bassam Haddad
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Syria in Transition: Historical Origins and Prospects

In a conversation with ARD Associate Director Hesham Sallam, Bassam Haddad, a leading expert on Syria and Associate Professor at George Mason University, addressed the factors that led to Assad’s fall, the role of international actors, and the uncertain prospects of Syria under its new leadership.
Syria in Transition: Historical Origins and Prospects
Eugene Kandel presents via Zoom in a webinar hosted by the Visiting Fellows in Israel Program.
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Eugene Kandel on Tackling Israel’s Internal Existential Risks

Kandel's talk with Visiting Fellow in Israel Studies Amichai Magen focused on his work at the Israel Strategic Futures Institute (ISFI) in diagnosing what he and his colleagues identify as internal existential risks for Israel and the policy ideas generated by ISFI in response to those risks.
Eugene Kandel on Tackling Israel’s Internal Existential Risks
Ali Çarkoğlu
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Polarization, Cleavages, and Democratic Backsliding: Electoral Dynamics in Turkey (1990-2023)

Using data from the World Values Survey and Turkish Election Studies, CDDRL Visiting Scholar Ali Çarkoğlu explores the rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the enduring influence of cultural divides on Turkey’s political landscape.
Polarization, Cleavages, and Democratic Backsliding: Electoral Dynamics in Turkey (1990-2023)
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Open for enrollment now through Stanford Continuing Studies, "Geopolitics in the 21st-Century Middle East: Insights from Stanford Scholars and Other Experts" will run online for ten weeks on Wednesdays, from April 2 through June 4.

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Despite investments in teacher education programs, teacher shortages persist in rural areas of many low- and middle-income countries. Using data from 1860 tuition-free students, we examine factors influencing enrollment in China's Tuition-Free Normal Education (TNE) program and their implications for teacher recruitment and retention in rural schools. Descriptive analysis and OLS regression reveal that TNE students mostly come from larger, poorer families, and enroll for job security and financial benefits. Many aspire to teach but resist rural placements, risking non-compliance. These findings can guide the design and reform of programs to attract qualified teachers to rural areas in China and abroad.

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Teaching and Teacher Education
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Nan Wang
Andrew Rule
Jinhui Yu
Scott Rozelle
Scott Rozelle
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This paper considers whether Japan has lost or is losing innovation capabilities, and whether the government’s apparent interest in promoting science, technology, and innovation (STI), articulated in a series of STI public policies, ultimately contributed to strengthening Japan’s innovation capabilities. 

The paper focuses on the most consistent among STI policies, namely, those related to nurturing doctorate degree holders, essential human resources for quality research and development. The paper finds that Japan is still a leading country in innovation, but its quality of innovation may be trending down. Incoherences within the STI policies, and between the STI and university reform policies, and insufficient coordination among the government, the private sector, and universities have all undermined the chance of nurturing doctorates and fully taking advantage of their talents to further innovation. The paper also notes recent changes that may contribute to reversing the trend. 

To ensure that public policies achieve their intended objectives, it is essential to assess and evaluate the policies, as well as make timely evidence-based adjustments.

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Missed Opportunities to Nurture Doctoral Talent

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Rie Hiraoka
Rie Hiraoka
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Erin Tsutsui
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On November 8, 2024, a film screening of Instruments of a Beating Heart was held at Stanford University that was followed by a conversation between filmmaker Ema Ryan Yamazaki, Professor Kiyoteru Tsutsui, and Dr. Mariko Yang-Yoshihara. The film screening was sponsored by the Japan Program, Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center. Erin Tsutsui shared her reflections of the film. Erin is a student at Gunn High School, Palo Alto, California.

The award-winning documentary short Instruments of a Beating Heart by Ema Ryan Yamazaki captures a core essence of Japaneseness—discipline in the name of contributing to the greater good for a harmonious society. Set in a regular elementary school in Tokyo, the film tracks a seemingly trivial event of a first grader’s performance in her school’s end-of-year ensemble. Through its portrayal of practice sessions, the film demonstrates how the Japanese school system instills Japan’s famous collectivist mindset from a young age with an emphasis on compliance and respect for others. Protagonist Ayame is reduced to tears when her school teacher points out her lack of practice in front of her peers. However, with encouragement from her mentors and a newfound motivation to practice her music, she nails her performance, thus bolstering her work ethic and penchant for a greater community good. This mindset makes Japan function so well as a society with its clean roads, low crime rates, and timely trains, but it also exerts pressure to conform and can lead to a loss of self-respect and individuality.

I grew up in the United States, where people commend individuality and free will and celebrate being different from others. I also attended Japanese elementary schools, though only for a couple of weeks each year, and noticed the stark contrast in the way students behave. I now realize that what I observed in those schools represent different social norms that govern each country. Japanese students mop the floors and serve the food to each other, carrying the responsibility of maintaining their space and learning the importance of combined efforts. In the meantime, American schools have custodians and lunch servers to shoulder all the burden while students tend to their own interests.

It is evident to me now, having experienced the contrasting school systems, that the cultural norms and ideals are integrated into the nations’ citizens early on.

Personally, I remember my elementary school years in America to be freeing and unrestrained, where I learned the value of my uniqueness from the next person and celebrated our differences. These values continue to shape me today, as I hold a strong sense of selfhood and understand the power of my voice. On the other hand, during my brief time attending a Japanese school, I was struck by how disciplined my peers were, considering the tremendous amount of homework and tasks assigned to them. I remember working with my new friends to clean our classroom floors, serve lunch, and finish massive academic tasks in the classroom. At the beginning it was overwhelming and somewhat puzzling, but over time I found it rewarding knowing I contributed to the well-kept communal space and accomplished tasks with my young friends.

It is evident to me now, having experienced the contrasting school systems, that the cultural norms and ideals are integrated into the nations’ citizens early on. Though Ayame felt dejected in the beginning, her teachers’ scolding and nurturing helped improve her discipline, and she ultimately performed well. That discipline of hers, combined with that of her classmates, made the orchestra work. The instrumental orchestra is quite symbolic of the value of working together to create a masterpiece, as a slip-up from any one ensemble member can disrupt the balance of the ensemble. Writ large, Japanese society functions well because Japanese citizens exercise their discipline to work together toward a greater good. For all its other problems, such as overbearing societal pressures and suppression of individual expressions, Japan has much to offer to other societies in how to run a well-functioning society.

To stay informed of SPICE news, join our email list and follow us on FacebookX, and Instagram.

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Three panelists discussing.
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“Instruments of a Beating Heart,” a Film by Ema Ryan Yamazaki

Reflections on the film and recommendations for its use in U.S. schools
“Instruments of a Beating Heart,” a Film by Ema Ryan Yamazaki
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Top Students in SPICE’s 2023–2024 Regional Programs in Japan Are Recognized

Congratulations to the 2023–2024 student honorees from Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Kagoshima, Kawasaki, Kobe, Oita, Tottori, and Wakayama.
Top Students in SPICE’s 2023–2024 Regional Programs in Japan Are Recognized
Students holding plaques standing on staircase on Stanford campus.
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Highest Performing Students of Stanford e-Japan and the Reischauer Scholars Program Are Recognized at Stanford University

The Honorable Yo Osumi, Consul General of Japan in San Francisco, makes opening comments.
Highest Performing Students of Stanford e-Japan and the Reischauer Scholars Program Are Recognized at Stanford University
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Different mindsets taught at American and Japanese schools

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