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As the global order becomes increasingly multipolar, Russia is not only reacting to Western sanctions but also advancing a distinct vision of global governance. This study investigates the ideological, political, and economic narratives Russia uses to shape an 'alternative world order' in the Global South and examines how these narratives contribute to its strategic ambitions amidst rising geopolitical tensions. Through systematic analysis of diplomatic statements, media content, and bilateral relationships across three regional case studies — Africa, India, and Latin America — this research reveals that Russia's Global South engagement, while ideologically coherent on the surface, suffers from significant structural contradictions that undermine its strategic effectiveness.

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Nora Sulots
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Congratulations to Liza Goldberg, a graduate of CDDRL's 2023-24 Fisher Family Honors Program, on her selection as a 2025 Knight-Hennessy Scholar. Knight-Hennessy Scholars cultivates and supports a multidisciplinary and multicultural community of graduate students from across Stanford University and delivers engaging experiences that prepare graduates to be visionary, courageous, and collaborative leaders who address complex challenges facing the world.

Originally from Columbia, Maryland, Liza “is pursuing a PhD in Earth System Science at Stanford’s Doerr School of Sustainability. She received a bachelor’s degree in Earth Systems at Stanford University and a master’s degree in climate change and planetary health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Liza pairs satellite remote sensing and qualitative analysis to build climate change resilience in settings of poverty and humanitarian emergencies, especially across South Asia. She has worked as an earth scientist at NASA since age 14 and has presented her published research worldwide. As a National Geographic Explorer, Liza founded and directs a global initiative to build remote sensing capacity in low-resource institutions across climate front lines. She leads an international team leveraging space technology to monitor the Rohingya refugee crisis and preserve multigenerational refugee histories.”

Liza is a Marshall Scholar, a Google Developer Expert, and a Sigma Squared Fellow. In 2024, she was inducted into the academic honors society Phi Beta Kappa.

At CDDRL, Liza received the Firestone Medal for Excellence in Undergraduate Research for her honors thesis, “The Psychology of Adolescent Poverty Under Climate Change: Evidence from Bangladesh,” based on extensive fieldwork and groundbreaking research into gender and climate adaptation. When asked what initially attracted her to the Fisher Family Honors Program, she shared at the time: “I am excited to have the opportunity to formally cross my interests in climate science and development policy through this program. I have also been very fortunate to receive extensive mentorship from my two CDDRL advisors throughout my time at Stanford, and I very much look forward to continuing to work together, as well as with the entire outstanding CDDRL faculty group, throughout the course of writing my thesis.”

Regarding her future aspirations post-Stanford, Liza shared upon her acceptance into the Fisher Family Honors Program, "I seek to dedicate my education and career to applying groundbreaking satellite technology in aiding climate adaptation across low- and middle-income nations."

You can read the full Knight-Hennessy Scholars press release here.

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Phi Beta Kappa graduates
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CDDRL Congratulates Newly Elected 2024 Phi Beta Kappa Members

Liza Goldberg and Melissa Severino de Oliveira (Fisher Family Honors Program class of 2024) are among the newest members of this prestigious academic honors society.
CDDRL Congratulates Newly Elected 2024 Phi Beta Kappa Members
Liza Goldberg
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Senior Liza Goldberg named 2024 Marshall Scholar

The scholarship will support Goldberg’s graduate studies in climate change, planetary health, and environment and development.
Senior Liza Goldberg named 2024 Marshall Scholar
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Liza Goldberg
Liza Goldberg
Courtesy of Knight-Hennessy Scholars
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Liza Goldberg (Fisher Family Honors Program class of 2023-24) is among 84 scholars in the Knight-Hennessy Scholars' eighth cohort.

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We present results from a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh that introduced operational practices to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions in 276 “zigzag” brick kilns. Of all intervention kilns, 65% adopted the improved practices. Treatment assignment reduced energy use by 10.5% (P-value <0.001) and decreased CO2 and PM2.5 emissions by 171 and 0.45 metric tons, respectively, per kiln per year. Valuing the CO2 reductions using a social cost of carbon of 185 USD per metric ton, we find that the social benefits outweigh costs by a factor of 65 to 1. The intervention, which required no new capital investment, also decreased fuel costs and increased brick quality. Our results demonstrate the potential for privately profitable, as well as publicly beneficial, improvements to address environmental problems in informal industries.

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Science
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Stephen P. Luby
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No. 6747
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Adam is a Researcher at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law. His research focuses on democracy and conflict in divided societies, particularly in the Horn of Africa, South Asia, the Levant, and the United States. He received a Ph.D. in Political Science from UC San Diego and a B.A. from UC Berkeley. 

Researcher, CDDRL
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Khushmita Dhabhai is a Research Assistant at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law. Currently pursuing studies in Political Science and Data Science, her academic interests span civil and interstate wars, ethnic conflict, and democratic accountability. Khushmita is also deeply interested in questions of governance and the dynamics of decision-making during instances of violence. 

CDDRL Undergraduate Communications Assistant, 2024-25
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Food adulteration with toxic chemicals is a global public health threat. Lead chromate adulterated spices have been linked with lead poisoning in many countries, from Bangladesh to the United States. This study systematically assessed lead chromate adulteration in turmeric, a spice that is consumed daily across South Asia. Our study focused on four understudied countries that produce >80 % of the world's turmeric and collectively include 1.7 billion people, 22 % of the world's population. Turmeric samples were collected from wholesale and retail bazaars from 23 major cities across India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal between December 2020 and March 2021. Turmeric samples were analyzed for lead and chromium concentrations and maximum child blood lead levels were modeled in regions where samples had detectable lead. A total of 356 turmeric samples were collected, including 180 samples of dried turmeric roots and 176 samples of turmeric powder. In total, 14 % of the samples (n = 51) had detectable lead above 2 μg/g. Turmeric samples with lead levels greater than or equal to 18 μg/g had molar ratios of lead to chromium near 1:1, suggestive of lead chromate adulteration. Turmeric lead levels exceeded 1000 μg/g in Patna (Bihar, India) as well as Karachi and Peshawar (Pakistan), resulting in projected child blood lead levels up to 10 times higher than the CDC's threshold of concern. Given the overwhelmingly elevated lead levels in turmeric from these locations, urgent action is needed to halt the practice of lead chromate addition in the turmeric supply chain.

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Science of The Total Environment
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Stephen P. Luby
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2024, 175003

Encina Hall, Suite 052
616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

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CDDRL Visiting Scholar, 2024-26
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Between 2019 and 2024, I held the Peter Mair Chair of Comparative Politics in the Department of Social and Political Sciences at the European University Institute. Prior to my 2019 move to the EUI, I taught at the University of California at Los Angeles. As of fall 2024, I will be a Visiting Scholar at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law in the Freeman Spogli Institute at Stanford University.

I was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Cornell University.  My research is in the area of political economy. I have conducted field research on issues of corruption and political malfeasance in Europe, Asia, and Africa.  My work has been honored with the Jewell-Loewenberg Prize, the Lawrence Longley Award, the Gregory A. Leubbert Book Award (runner-up), a Choice Award, and the Gabriel A. Almond Award for the best dissertation in comparative politics. Most recently, I am a recipient of the Lijphart/Przeworski/Verba Data Set Award for the Global Legislator Database. My work has been funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), the UK's Department for International Development (DfID), and the International Growth Center (ICG).

I am currently engaged in a large-scale cross-national study of why reelection rates of national legislators rise with economic development. The book manuscript in preparation is provisionally entitled Capacity Gap: Electoral Failure in Weak States. A first publication from this project, co-authored with Eugenia Nazrullaeva, appeared in 2023 as "The Puzzle of Clientelism: Political Discretion and Elections Around the World" in Cambridge University Press' Elements in Political Economy series. My book prior to that was Corruption: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2017), written with economist Raymond Fisman.

At the EUI, I taught two graduate seminars annually. The core course in comparative politics (team-taught with Simon Hix) introduces students to topics in the subfield. The Practicum in Reproducible Research Methods walks students through all the steps involved in a complex collaborative reproducible research project and provides instruction in the skills required to successfully execute modern social scientific research.

I am an Associate Member of Nuffield College at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. I have been a Visiting Senior Scholar at the Center for the Study of Democratic Politics at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University and a Visiting Scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation. I am an affiliate of the Center for Effective Global Action (CEGA) of the University of California at Berkeley, a Research Fellow in Political Economy at the Center for Economic Research in Pakistan (CERP), and an active member of Evidence in Governance and Politics (EGAP). I am an invited researcher to J-PAL's Governance Initiative. Long a proponent of research transparency and replicability, I am a BITSS Catalyst with the Berkeley Initiative for Transparency in the Social Sciences and have assembled multiple data sets that are available in the public domain on Dataverse.

A recent interview with me is available at Scientia Futura

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Gender Inequity and Economic Impact

India is experiencing profound demographic changes and consequent shifts in the population age structure, though, unlike the experience of other countries, its demographic change is unique and unconventional. While declining fertility rates are often seen as a boost to women's empowerment, there are growing concerns about their impact on gender equity in India, including worsening sex ratios. One notable effect of this demographic shift is the rapid increase in the older population, particularly widows, who face heightened vulnerability shaped by cultural norms. This talk explores two key aspects of India's demographic changes: first, how fertility shifts have affected gender equity, and second, by estimating the economic value of widows, why we must move beyond cultural explanations to understand the vulnerability of widows in India.

KS James 100324

K S James possesses extensive research and teaching experience in the field of Demography. He was formerly the Director and Senior Professor of the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India. His work examines the interaction of socio-economic and policy forces on demographic factors, including fertility, marriage, gender and ageing in India.  He has several books and articles in his credit including papers in Science, Lancet Global Health, BMC Public Health, Social Science and Medicine, JAMA Network Open, Population Studies and Journal of Demographic Economics. He holds a postdoctoral training from Harvard Centre for Population and Development, Harvard University, USA and Ph.D from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He has been a visiting fellow in many prestigious institutes and universities including Harvard University, USA; London School of Economics, UK; International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Austria; University of Southampton, UK and University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

Lunch will be served.

K S James, Senior Visiting Scholar Newcomb Institute, Tulane University
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George Krompacky
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On October 18, as part of its autumn 2023 seminar series on APEC in advance of the organization's meeting in San Francisco in November, Shorenstein APARC and its Asia Health Policy Program (AHPP) presented the series' second event, Asia-Pacific Digital Health Innovation: Technology, Trust, and the Role of APEC. The featured panelists were Kiran Gopal Vaska, Director of the National Health Authority of India, and CK Cheruvettolil, the Senior Strategy Officer, Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence, at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Siyan Yi, the Director of the Integrated Research Program at the National University of Singapore and a former AHPP fellow, moderated the conversation.

While India is not an APEC member, Indian initiatives are examples of leveraging technology to better the health of the most vulnerable citizens in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Kiran Gopal Vaska gave an overview of the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), India's latest health initiative that focuses on the interoperability of health records, services, and health claims. He stressed that ABDM was built on previous digital infrastructure, like Aadhaar, the national digital identity system, and Digilocker, a digital storage scheme for citizens' health and other records.

In ABDM, we do just three things: interoperability of health records, interoperability of services, and interoperability of health claims.
Kiran Gopal Vaska
Director of the National Health Authority of India

The approach India has taken is for the government to build the rails—the infrastructure of the system—and create a space where the private sector can develop applications integrated with that space through application programming interfaces (APIs), avoiding the siloing that can hamper the interoperability of data.

Regarding health data, privacy is a crucial concern at the patient level. ABDM addresses this concern through the use of a consent artifact. Individuals decide whether hospitals or other medical service providers have access to their data, and this access has levels of granularity: you can share specific portions of 7 different data types, like immunizations or prescriptions. You can limit that sharing to a particular period, like one day.

Also participating on the panel was CK Cheruvettolil, who discussed strategies by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in leveraging the power of mobile phones to augment the work of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), the more than one million female frontline health workers in India. ASHAs can use mobile phone cameras, sensors, and streaming data to better care for low-birth-weight babies and other patients. 

If [software] is developed in isolation without understanding that social context, you would lose a huge portion of the population, you'd lose that effectiveness.
CK Cheruvettolil
Senior Strategy Officer, Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

He explained the critical role of taking local context into account when developing software by using the example of pregnant Indian women in their third trimesters. The custom for Indian mothers, especially in rural areas, is for the child to be born in the maternal grandparents' home. If software were to store only the mother's address, healthcare workers in the grandparents' jurisdiction would not know that a pregnant woman in the critical third trimester would soon be giving birth at a local address.

Kiran Gopal Vaska noted that India had solved the technological issues, and now the task was to push for adoption. He emphasized that the technologies underlying India's digital health stack were created as public goods for the world, and for LMICs to support each other in advancing digital health technologies, the key was interoperability, "using standards that are accessible and acceptable worldwide."

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Panelists gather to discuss APEC
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Trade Experts Gather to Discuss APEC’s Role and Relevance

Ahead of the 2023 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) convening in San Francisco, APARC kicked off its fall seminar series, Exploring APEC’s Role in Facilitating Regional Cooperation, with a panel discussion that examined APEC’s role and continued relevance in a rapidly-evolving Asia-Pacific region.
Trade Experts Gather to Discuss APEC’s Role and Relevance
A man holding a pill case consults on his computer with a female doctor.
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How South Koreans Feel About Telemedicine as an Alternative to In-Person Medical Consultations

A new study, co-authored by Asia Health Policy Director Karen Eggleston, investigated preferences for telemedicine services for chronic disease care in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that preferences differed according to patient demographics.
How South Koreans Feel About Telemedicine as an Alternative to In-Person Medical Consultations
The Future of Health Policy: Reflections and Contributions from the Field
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Health Policy Scholars and Practitioners Examine the Future of the Field

In the third installment of a series recognizing the 40th anniversary of Stanford’s Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, the Asia Health Policy Program gathered alumni to reflect on their time at APARC and offer their assessments of some of the largest challenges facing healthcare practitioners.
Health Policy Scholars and Practitioners Examine the Future of the Field
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Kiran Gopal Vaska, CK Cheruvettolil, and Siyan Yi at the panel discussion on digitial health initiatives
(L to R) Kiran Gopal Vaska, CK Cheruvettolil, and Siyan Yi
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Shorenstein APARC continued its APEC seminar series with the second installment, Asia-Pacific Digital Health Innovation: Technology, Trust, and the Role of APEC, a panel discussion that focused on how India’s digital health strategy has evolved and its lessons for other countries creating their own.

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