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Nora Sulots
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The Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law proudly congratulates its 2025 graduating class of honors students on their outstanding original research conducted under CDDRL's Fisher Family Honors Program. Among those graduating is Charles Sheiner, an International Relations major, who has won a Firestone Medal for his research on the electoral impact of Biden-era spending programs. Additionally, two students were selected as recipients of the CDDRL Outstanding Thesis Award. Adrian Feinberg, an International Relations major who is also minoring in History, Film & Media Studies, was honored for his research revealing how postwar Yugoslavia utilized the justice system to build state power and suppress dissent. Adelaide Madary, a Political Science major, was honored for her research exploring how local leadership shapes the responses of rural Calabrian communities to immigration, fostering hospitality in some towns and resistance in others.

Firestone Medal winner Charles Sheiner, '25, presents his honors thesis.
Firestone Medal winner Charles Sheiner, '25, presents his honors thesis. | Nora Sulots

The Firestone Medal for Excellence in Undergraduate Research recognizes Stanford's top ten percent of honors theses in social science, science, and engineering among the graduating senior class. Charles's thesis is entitled The Limits of Payout Politics: How Biden-Harris Federal Spending Shaped (and Didn't Shape) the 2024 Presidential Vote. His thesis examines whether the Biden-Harris administration’s signature spending programs — the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, Inflation Reduction Act, and CHIPS Act — yielded electoral rewards in the 2024 presidential election. Using an original dataset of over 40,000 geocoded federal projects representing $227 billion in county-level investments, Charles finds no statistically significant association between per-capita spending and shifts in Democratic vote margins, even when accounting for partisan context and project visibility. Through interviews with federal and local officials, he identifies three explanatory mechanisms: implementation lags prevented most projects from reaching completion before Election Day, administrative and policy bottlenecks systematically delayed development, and Republican messaging successfully reframed spending as inflationary. These findings suggest that retrospective voting operates primarily through immediate, visible benefits rather than campaign promises or announced investments, with significant implications for how policy initiatives must be designed to deliver outcomes within electoral cycles.

CDDRL Outstanding Thesis Award winner Adrian Feinberg ('25) presents his honors thesis.
CDDRL Outstanding Thesis Award winner Adrian Feinberg ('25) presents his honors thesis. | Nora Sulots

Adrian's thesis is entitled The Gavel and the Gun: Post-War Trials and State-Building Politics in Yugoslavia (1945-1949). His thesis explores how the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) authorities used the post-World War II justice process to consolidate power from 1945 to 1949. Drawing on trial transcripts, newspapers, and other archival materials, the study argues that the Yugoslav state instrumentalized judicial structures in three distinct stages: first, using honor courts to assert basic state capacity; second, conducting public-facing war crimes trials to promote the state’s ideological legitimacy; and third, orchestrating espionage trials to suppress dissent and entrench single-party rule. While affirming that the KPJ often subordinated judicial integrity to its state-building project, the thesis complicates conventional narratives by attending to the moral ambiguities, partial truths, and undeniable moments of justice present in even the most politicized of trials. In doing so, it offers broader insights into the fraught intersection of law, memory, and power in postwar societies.

CDDRL Outstanding Thesis Award winner Adelaide Madary ('25) presents her honors thesis.
CDDRL Outstanding Thesis Award winner Adelaide Madary ('25) presents her honors thesis. | Nora Sulots

Adelaide's thesis is entitled Philoxenia: Local Responses to Immigration in Calabria, Italy. Over recent decades, many nations across Europe and the Americas have responded to mass migration movements across the globe with hostile policies, xenophobic sentiment, and poorly managed immigration systems. At the same time, several municipalities in Calabria, Italy that struggle with severe depopulation and economic hardship have experienced positive transformations upon opening refugee reception centers, including reversals to declining population trends, job creation and the continuation of important public goods, such as elementary schools — but not all towns that have a demand for immigration respond in the same way. Many Calabrian municipalities have not opened refugee resettlement centers, and others have become a breeding ground for labor exploitation among migrant workers. This thesis employs a mixed-methods approach to consider how structure, agency, and culture account for the variation in local responses to migrants and refugees throughout the relatively homogenous region of Calabria. A systematic analysis of quantitative municipal-level data paired with four granular case studies suggests that a municipality’s structural characteristics alone do not explain the variance in local responses to immigration. Rather, the presence of an entrepreneurial local actor, such as a mayor or non-profit leader with strong humanitarian commitments, is necessary to recognize and actualize the aligned interests between locals and newcomers and bring about cultures of hospitality. While much of the literature on local responses to immigration has focused on urban settings, this thesis aims to widen academic discussions to include more rural contexts and contributes to the underdeveloped literature on hospitality, rather than hostility, toward newcomers.

The Class of 2025


Charles, Adrian, and Adelaide are part of a cohort of 13 graduating CDDRL honors students who have spent the past year working in consultation with CDDRL-affiliated faculty members and attending honors research workshops to develop their thesis projects. The theses this year covered topics as wide ranging as authoritarian repression, conflict and state-building, regulation and governance, and democratic accountability. Students embarked on original research across multiple countries, conducting interviews, fielding surveys, plumbing archives, and building datasets.

“We are so proud of this year’s cohort of seniors in the Fisher Family Honors Program,” shared Didi Kuo, Center Fellow at FSI and co-director of CDDRL’s Fisher Family Honors Program. “Our multidisciplinary students brought a range of methods and analytical approaches to inform their understanding of democracy and development. They asked a range of trenchant research questions and brought a collaborative spirit to the research enterprise that improved everyone’s projects.”

Our students brought a range of methods and analytical approaches to inform their understanding of democracy and development. They asked a range of trenchant research questions and brought a collaborative spirit to the research enterprise that improved everyone's projects.
Didi Kuo
Center Fellow, FSI; Co-director, Fisher Family Honors Program

In addition to the Firestone Medal and CDDRL Outstanding Thesis Awards, members of the Class of 2025 have received several other honors heading into graduation:

  • Kate Tully is among four Stanford students named as 2025 Rhodes Scholars. The prestigious award provides support for talented scholars to pursue postgraduate degrees at Oxford University in England.
  • Alex Borthwick, Adrian Feinberg, Malaina Kapoor, and Avinash Thakkar, along with junior Emma Wang, are among the newest members elected to the Phi Beta Kappa academic honors society.
  • Adrian Feinberg was also named a Gaither Fellow. The national program offers recent graduates the opportunity to work as research assistants on projects related to democracy, global security, and foreign policy at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, D.C.
  • Alex Borthwick, Adrian Feinberg, Elizabeth Jerstad, and Gabriela Holzer have all received the Award of Excellence. Designed to recognize the top 10% of the class, this award honors graduating seniors who have demonstrated a sincere commitment to the university through involvement, leadership, and extraordinary Stanford spirit.


CDDRL's Fisher Family Honors Program trains students from any academic department at Stanford to prepare them to write a policy-relevant research thesis with global impact on a subject touching on democracy, development, and the rule of law. Honors students participate in research methods workshops, attend honors college in Washington, D.C., connect to the CDDRL research community, and write their thesis in close consultation with a faculty advisor to graduate with a certificate of honors in democracy, development, and the rule of law.
 

Explore the rest of the thesis topics of the Fisher Family Honors Program Class of 2025 below:

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Phi Beta Kappa graduates
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Record Number of CDDRL Honors Students Elected to Phi Beta Kappa

Seniors Alex Borthwick, Adrian Feinberg, Malaina Kapoor, and Avinash Thakkar (Fisher Family Honors Program class of 2025), and junior Emma Wang (Fisher Family Honors Program class of 2026) are among the newest members of this prestigious academic honors society.
Record Number of CDDRL Honors Students Elected to Phi Beta Kappa
Noah Tan and Adrian Feinberg
News

Noah Tan and Adrian Feinberg Named Gaither Fellows

The national program offers recent graduates the opportunity to work as research assistants on projects related to democracy, global security, and foreign policy at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, D.C.
Noah Tan and Adrian Feinberg Named Gaither Fellows
Stanford students Francesca Fernandes, Alvin Lee, Mikayla Tillery, and Kate Tully are 2025 Rhodes Scholars.
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Kate Tully Among Four Stanford Students Named 2025 Rhodes Scholars

The prestigious award provides support for talented scholars to pursue postgraduate degrees at Oxford University in England.
Kate Tully Among Four Stanford Students Named 2025 Rhodes Scholars
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Charles Sheiner ('25) is a recipient of the 2025 Firestone Medal, and Adrian Feinberg ('25) and Adelaide Madary ('25) have won CDDRL's Outstanding Thesis Awards.

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CDDRL Honors Student, 2024-25
adelaide_rose_madary.jpg

Major: Political Science
Minor: Modern Languages & Data Science
Hometown: Lodi, California
Thesis Advisor: Anna Grzymala-Busse

Tentative Thesis Title: Combating Agricultural Labor Exploitation among Migrant Workers in Italy and California

Future aspirations post-Stanford: After Stanford, I would like to attend graduate school, continue to learn languages, and participate in public service projects.

A fun fact about yourself: I ran my first half marathon in Rome while studying abroad in Florence this past winter!

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An increasing number of wholesale electricity markets employ locational pricing mech­anisms where energy prices account for some or all aspects of the transmission network configuration. A major concern of regulators is that suppliers may have the ability to exercise unilateral market power by impacting the extent to which transmission con­straints bind. We extend the residual demand curve as a measure of the ability to exercise unilateral market power from a single price market to residual demand hyper­surfaces in locational pricing markets. We show that accounting for the fact that firms face residuai demand surfaces improves our ability to explain the offer curves submit­ted by strategie suppliers. A supplier's residuai demand surface also explains why the location of a firm's capacity is an important factor in analyzing the extent to which divestment of generation capacity or a transmission network expansion ultimately ben­efits final consumers. 

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Program on Energy and Sustainable Development
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Christoph Graf
Frank Wolak
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We extend the competitive benchmark pricing model of Borenstein et al. (2002) to locational-pricing markets. We further extent this model to account for transmis­sion network security constraints as well as technical constraints on thermal power plants that introduce non-convexities in their operating cost functions. We apply both models to assess the performance of the Italian wholesale electricity market for the year 2018. Hourly competitive benchmark locational prices that ignore the impact of non-convexities in generation unit operation fail to provide credible estimates for the intra-day benchmark price profile. Augmenting the model to account for transmission network security constraints and non-convexities resolves this issue. We find that the average day-ahead market-clearing prices throughout the day are close to average com­petitive benchmark prices throughout the day during 2018. However, accounting for the cost of the re-dispatch market that makes final schedules from the day-ahead finan­cial market physically feasible, raises the average hourly cost of serving demand. Our preferred competitive benchmark pricing model implies annual market inefficiencies in the range of 1 to 2 billion Euros in the actual annual cost of serving load in 2018 in ltaly. 

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Program on Energy and Sustainable Development
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Christoph Graf
Federico Quaglia
Frank Wolak
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Using hourly offer curves for the Italian day-ahead market and the real-time re-dispatch market for the period January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, we show how thermal generation unit owners attempt to profit from differences between a simplified day- ahead market design that ignores system security constraints as well as generation unit operating constraints, and real-time system operation where these constraints must be respected. We find that thermal generation unit owners increase or decrease their day- ahead offer price depending on the probability that their final output will be increased or decreased because of real-time operating constraints. We estimate generation unit- level models of the probability of each of these outcomes conditional on forecast demand and renewable production in Italy and neighbouring countries. Our most conservative estimate implies an offer price increase of 50 EUR/MWh if the predicted probability of day-ahead market schedule increases from zero to one. If the predicted probability of a day-ahead market schedule increases from zero to one the unit owner’s offer price is predicted to be 60 EUR/MWh less. We find that these re-dispatch costs averaged approximately nine percent of the cost of wholesale energy consumed valued at the day-ahead price during our sample period.

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National Bureau of Economic Research
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Christoph Graf
Federico Quaglia
Frank Wolak
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Abstract: 
Why were Western expectations about how Russia would develop after the Soviet collapse so misplaced? How has Putin's Russia, with a GDP less than that of Italy, managed to reassert itself so effectively on the world stage? And how should the West respond to Russia going forward? Angela Stent will discuss her new book, focusing on how Russia's relations with Europe have evolved and how Europe-- caught between Putin's Russia and Trump's America--is reassessing its options.
 
Speaker's Biography:

Angela Stent is Professor of Government and Foreign Service at Georgetown University and directs its Center for Eurasian, Russian and East European Studies. She has also served in the State Department’s Office of Policy Planning and as National Intelligence Officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council. She is the author of Russia and Germany Reborn: Unification, the Soviet Collapse and the New Europe; The Limits of Partnership: U.S-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century and Putin’s World: Russia Against the West and with the Rest.

 

Angela Stent Professor of Government and Foreign Service Georgetown University
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This event is open to Stanford faculty, staff, students, and visiting scholars.

Roberto D'AlimonteRoberto D’Alimonte is professor of political science  at Luiss-Guido Carli in Rome and chair of the department of political sciences. Until 2010 he had taught for over 30 years at the University of Florence, Italy. Professor D’Alimonte has been Ford Foundation Fellow at Yale and American Council of Learned Societies Fellow at Harvard and taught as visiting professor in the political science departments at Yale and Stanford. At Stanford he has also given courses on Europe in the MBA program at the Graduate School of Business and he has been for many years a speaker in the  Stanford Business School’s Executive Program. Since 1995 he has taught at New York University Florence Center as adjunct professor. His most recent research interests have to do with political and electoral change in Western democracies. Since 2005 he has been the director of the Italian Center for Electoral Studies. Well-known as a political journalist, Professor D’Alimonte covers political events for Il Sole 24 Ore, Italy’s major financial newspaper. He is often sought out by international media for commentary on current Italian and European affairs. His quotes have appeared in the New York Times, Financial Times, The Times, New Yorker, Le Monde, Asahi Shimbun, Bloomberg, Reuters.

 

Roberto D'Alimonte LUISS Universita Guido Carli
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Every society has told stories about ancient times, but contemporary ancient history was the product of two main developments. The first was the invention of writing, which made scholarly study of the past possible, and the second was the explosion of knowledge about the world from the eighteenth century onward. Europeans responded to this explosion by inventing two main versions of antiquity: the first, an evolutionary model, was global and went back to the origins of humanity; and the second, a classical model, treated Greece and Rome as turning points in world history. These two views of antiquity have competed for two hundred and fifty years, but in the twenty-first century, the evidence and methods available to ancient historians are changing faster than at any other time since the debate began. We should therefore expect the balance between the two theories to shift dramatically. We close by considering some possible areas of engagement.

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Daedalus
Authors
Ian Morris
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