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Theories of democratic diffusion predict that exposure to liberal democracies fosters support for political liberalism, while recent studies on Chinese overseas students suggest studying abroad generates backlash against liberal values. Using a unique four-year longitudinal dataset of nearly 1,000 Chinese college students in China and the United States, we examine how studying abroad shapes students’ ideology, attitudes, and identity. Our findings challenge both perspectives. Students who study in the United States are already more politically liberal, market-oriented, and cosmopolitan, and less nationalistic than their peers upon departure, underscoring the importance of selection. Ideological preferences remain remarkably stable throughout college, regardless of location. However, support for China’s political system and affective identification with Chinese national identity declines among students in both countries from 2022 to 2023, with a greater decline among students in the United States. These results show that selection, home-country shocks, and host-country context jointly shape overseas students’ political attitudes.

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British Journal of Political Science
Authors
Jennifer Pan
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Could the global transition to renewable energy create a green dilemma that pits carbon reduction against biodiversity conservation? This study examined the effect of policies promoting solar photovoltaics on local avian biodiversity using a panel dataset covering 2344 counties in China from 2014 to 2023. Policies that favored photovoltaic expansion led to reductions in bird diversity, disproportionately affecting wealthier and nondesert regions, as well as widespread species. The mechanism operated primarily through land conversion: Cropland and grassland were transformed into developed areas, reducing the diversity of vegetation. Paradoxically, the leaf area index increased, a pattern we term “inferior greening,” whereby diverse natural landscapes were replaced by dense but ecologically homogeneous vegetation. We argue that future photovoltaic development should be accompanied by strict biodiversity safeguards, especially in economically developed regions with high habitat complexity.

Journal Publisher
Science
Authors
Shanjun Li
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Flyer for the discussion "Unpacking the Trump-Xi Summit." Headshots of speakers Mark Lambert and Laura Stone, and a photo of President Xi and President Trump walk on a red carpet.

Drawing on decades of experience at the center of U.S. policy toward China, Mark Lambert, former State Department China Coordinator and recently appointed China Policy Fellow at Stanford’s Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC), and Ambassador Laura Stone, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for China and Mongolia and currently affiliated with Stanford’s Center for East Asian Studies, offer an insider’s assessment of the Trump-Xi state visit and its implications for U.S.-China relations.

Lambert and Stone will examine what Washington and Beijing each sought from the visit, what the two leaders actually achieved, and what the agreements, rhetoric, and notable omissions reveal about the state of the relationship. They will assess the implications for trade and economic ties, Taiwan and regional security, strategic competition, and the prospects for managing tensions between the world’s two most powerful countries. Please join us for a candid discussion of what the state visit changed, what it did not, and where U.S.-China relations may be headed next.

Speakers: 

Mark Lambert

Mark Lambert is the China Policy Fellow at Stanford University’s Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC). A career U.S. diplomat and one of the State Department’s leading China experts, he most recently served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for China and Taiwan and as the Department’s China Coordinator. Over the course of his Foreign Service career, Lambert held senior positions focused on China, East Asia, and international organizations, including multiple assignments in Beijing. He also served as a senior advisor in the Bureau of International Organization Affairs, where his work focused on China’s role in the United Nations and other multilateral institutions.

Laura Stone

Ambassador Laura Stone is affiliated with Stanford University’s Center for East Asian Studies. A career member of the Senior Foreign Service, she most recently served as U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Previously, she served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for China and Mongolia, with responsibility for managing U.S.-China relations during the Obama and first Trump administrations, and as Deputy Assistant Secretary for South Asia. Her other senior positions include Director of the Office of Chinese and Mongolian Affairs, Director of the State Department’s Office of Economic Policy in the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, and Economic Counselor in Hanoi. She served three tours at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing and has spent more than three decades working on U.S. policy toward China and the Indo-Pacific.

 

Directions and Parking > 

Philippines Conference Room (C330)
Encina Hall, 3rd Floor
616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305

Mark Lambert, China Policy Fellow, APARC
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Visiting Scholar at APARC, 2022-23, 2023-24
China Policy Fellow, 2022-23, 2023-24
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Laura M. Stone joined the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) as Visiting Scholar and China Policy Fellow for the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 academic years. She currently serves the U.S. Department of State, recently as Deputy Coordinator for the Secretary's Office for COVID Response and Health Security. While at APARC, she conducted research with the China Program and Professor Jean Oi regarding contemporary China affairs and U.S.-China policy.

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Laura Stone, U.S. Ambassador (ret.)
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Flyer for the discussion "Unpacking the Trump-Xi Summit." Headshots of speakers Mark Lambert and Laura Stone, and a photo of President Xi and President Trump walk on a red carpet.
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Heather Rahimi
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SCCEI is thrilled to announce a new partnership with the Stanford Institute for Research in the Social Sciences (IRiSS) to launch a new, China-oriented Predoctoral Researchers Program. The program opens avenues for SCCEI-affiliated faculty to mentor students transitioning from undergraduate study who are interested in pursuing research on China. Predocs are appointed for a one-year term in residence on Stanford’s historic campus, where they conduct data-driven research designed by a SCCEI faculty member studying a specific aspect of China’s economy. Predocs are welcomed into two established communities at Stanford — IRiSS and SCCEI — giving them a built-in support system to navigate the Stanford ecosystem and get acquainted with all the university has to offer.

That community is already something inaugural predoc Miriam Shatto is looking forward to exploring. “Already, I’ve met so many interesting people in the IRiSS program who are all working on different things — psychologists, political scientists, people focusing on communications and social media, other people studying economics,” she said. “I think it’s a really rich community that enables me to explore other disciplines and discover what people my age are also working on.”

Paralleling IRiSS’ existing program, the new Predoctoral Researchers Program has three main goals:
 

  • Accelerate China-focused research;
  • Create opportunities for predocs to deepen their knowledge of China-specific topics and research methods, learn about options for advanced study, and build mentoring relationships to help launch their careers; and
  • Expand the diversity of perspectives, experiences, and backgrounds of individuals entering academia and industry.

SCCEI is pleased to welcome the first cohort of predoctoral researchers for the 2026-27 academic year:

Miriam Shatto headshot

Miriam Shatto, 2026-27 Predoctoral Researcher
 

Miriam Shatto is working with Professor Shanjun Li, joining his research program on the Economics for Sustainability and Energy Transition (eSET). She works on industrial decarbonization pathways, carbon accounting, renewable energy development, and the electric vehicle (EV) industry.

Miriam plans to pursue a PhD in economics after her predoc year. Though she hadn’t done research on China before, that was part of what drew her to the position. “I have an appreciation generally for the huge energy transition that China has undergone over the last 20 years. The growth in the EV industry has just been insane,” she said. “And I think, as Dr. Li frequently points out, it is so understudied.”

Noting that the topic may not get the attention it deserves from U.S. policymakers, she added, “There’s just a lot of work to be done there, and I’m always looking for a place where work can be done.”

I’m always looking for a place where work can be done.
Miriam Shatto, 2026-27 Predoctoral Researcher

She has also found a warm welcome in the eSET group. “I think everyone’s been incredibly welcoming. This is a group of people who are super kind and supportive, and it’s clearly very close-knit,” she said. “Dr. Li’s always holding little events for us, it’s clear that he really tries to foster a collaborative community.”


 

Zhao Guo headshot

Zhao Guo, 2026-27 Predoctoral Researcher
 

Zhao Guo is working under the mentorship of Professor Andrew Walder on his research defining the architecture of China’s corporate sector. This project is part of a larger effort that will eventually culminate in a book, tentatively titled The Rise of Industrial China, which will blend business history with the sociology of organizations and political economy analysis of China’s industrial sector.

Over the coming year, Miriam and Zhao will contribute to research that helps build understanding of China's economy, from its energy transition to its industrial past. We're excited to see what this first cohort does, and we look forward to growing the program in years to come.



This article was edited for clarity and brevity using Claude. All outputs were reviewed by humans and the final expression was produced by the author.

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The new Predoctoral Researchers Program opens avenues for SCCEI-affiliated faculty to mentor students transitioning from undergraduate study who are interested in pursuing research on China.

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Looking back at the long list of pages on Canvas, I feel so accomplished about finishing the Design Thinking into Action: Teen Wellbeing course. From the first “Introduce Yourself” video we filmed, edited, and shared with our classmates, to the final prototype presentation, every module showed me a different way to think about teen wellbeing and how our skills could create real, meaningful change. 

What made this course so special was that learning wasn’t restricted to the weekly virtual classes. The resource pages for each module on Canvas created a great balance between theory and practice, input and output. We learned about topics like the teenage brain, managing academic stress, creating a body map, and purpose learning. We didn’t just write essays as in a traditional class. We created prototypes with step-by-step exercises leading up to our final project. My favorite part was the design thinking process: empathizing with a real person, defining a need statement, brainstorming wildly, prototyping, and iterating based on feedback. The prototype I created, called the “Dream Door,” was designed for a friend who feels lonely and disconnected from peers and frustrated by surface-level conversations. The “Dream Door” is a small box with a bell and color-coded prompts to help her start deeper conversations with classmates. While creating the prop for my friend, I also learned to solve my own wellbeing challenges through the same process. When I gifted the finished product to my friend, her excited reaction felt better than any grade. That’s the magic of this design thinking course. When we truly empathize with someone, understand their needs, and listen to their feedback, we can see the physical results our ideas have on them. 

I left this course with a toolbox I’ll use for life, for studying, for friendships, for future projects.

I participated in this course during a particularly challenging time. When the course began, I was overseas for an exchange program. Then I returned to China to prepare for AP exams, which felt like an ever-present gray cloud looming over me. Instead of adding to my stress, this course helped me navigate it more clearly. One of my favorite classes with a Stanford scholar, Dr. Cari Costanzo, combined anthropology with our connection to our bodies through an exercise called body mapping, a creative and reflective piece of art that pushed us to reflect on important aspects of our lives. When I added drawings of the AP exams in the thought bubble above my head on my body map, I realized they were my current, main priority. In this course I also learned that the concept of “failing forward” and pacing ourselves aren’t just nice ideas; they are ways to sustain our busy lives. After the Stanford e-China course ended, as I was taking an exam back in my regular school in China, I wrote about the concept of “failing forward” in my essay. I literally smiled in the middle of the exam because I was so excited to apply what I’d learned. 

I also loved the small, surprising moments, like drawing my body map and realizing I could create a stickman with my arms and legs because I’ve been drawing them since primary school. I also loved writing a reflection of my views on life and education and noticing that my love for roller coasters and seeking thrilling experiences actually drives how I approach learning. 

I left this course with a toolbox I’ll use for life, for studying, for friendships, for future projects. I’m leaving with gratitude. Thank you to Stefanie Orrick, Carey Moncaster, and the whole Stanford e-China team for creating a space where teenagers can be creative, vulnerable, and ambitious all at once. 

Innovating Wellbeing: Human-Centered Design in the AI Era (formerly Design Thinking into Action: Teen Wellbeing) is one of several online courses offered by SPICE.

To stay updated on SPICE news, join our email list and follow us on Facebook, X, and Instagram. 

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Nathan in Shanghai
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Stanford e-China: No Ordinary Program

The following reflection is a guest post written by Nathan Chan, an alumnus and honoree of the 2021 Stanford e-China Program, which is accepting student applications until September 1, 2022.
Stanford e-China: No Ordinary Program
arches at Stanford University
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High School Students in China and the United States Collaborate

Students in SPICE’s China Scholars and Stanford e-China Programs meet in virtual classrooms.
High School Students in China and the United States Collaborate
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Cathy at the Summer Palace in Beijing | Photo courtesy of Cathy Fang
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High school student Cathy Fang, an alumna of the Stanford e-China course, Design Thinking into Action: Teen Wellbeing, shares how the program enlightened the way she thinks about making meaningful change. Cathy is currently a student at Chongqing Yucai Secondary School.

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Caption Cathy performing in a production of Billy the Kid, where she played the role of Mary Meacham
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Skyline Scholar (2026-27), Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions
Senior Adviser and Trustee Chair in Chinese Business and Economics, Center for Strategic and International Studies
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Scott Kennedy is senior adviser and Trustee Chair in Chinese Business and Economics at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). A leading authority on the Chinese economy, his ongoing areas of focus include China’s high-tech drive, U.S.-China relations, and global economic governance. Kennedy has been traveling to China for 38 years. His major publications include The Power of Innovation: The Strategic Value of China’s High-Tech Drive (CSIS, March 2026); U.S.-China Scholarly Recoupling: Advancing Mutual Understanding in an Era of Intense Rivalry (CSIS, March 2024); (with Wang Jisi) Breaking the Ice: The Role of Scholarly Exchange in Stabilizing U.S.-China Relations (CSIS, 2023); China’s Uneven High-Tech Drive: Implications for the United States (CSIS, 2020); Global Governance and China: The Dragon’s Learning Curve (Routledge, 2018); The Fat Tech Dragon: Benchmarking China’s Innovation Drive (CSIS, 2017); and The Business of Lobbying in China (Harvard University Press, 2005). His commentaries and articles have appeared the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, China Quarterly, and China Journal. Kennedy is co-organizer of the track-2 U.S.-China Global Economic Order (GEO) Dialogue, and he hosts the China Field Notes podcast, which features voices from on the ground in China.

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Postdoctoral Scholar, China Labor, Income and Population Research Program
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Jiayi Hou is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions (SCCEI) and a Research Associate at the HKU Centre for AI, Management and Organization (CAMO). He received his Ph.D. in Economics from Peking University in 2025. His research spans digital, organizational, and labor economics, with a focus on the adoption and use of AI in the workplace and the economic and social effects of digital platforms.

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Two Routes to Scale: Innovation Clusters in Tokyo-Yokohama and the Greater Bay Area

What makes a science and innovation cluster thrive, and how can regions scale their global impact? This seminar explores two of the world’s leading innovation clusters, Tokyo-Yokohama and China’s Greater Bay Area, ranked among the top clusters in WIPO’s Global Innovation Cluster Index. Drawing on interviews and new reports from the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), Executive Director Dr. Andreas Göthenberg will share perspectives from STINT’s Science Intelligence work on global science and innovation, followed by presentations from Dr. Laura Barbieri and Dr. Erik Forsberg on the ecosystems, strengths, and development trajectories of these two regions.

Speakers:

Dr. Andreas Göthenberg was appointed Executive Director of STINT as of September 1, 2009. And since 2024, he has been a Board Member at the Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. He received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 1996 and 2003, respectively. 

From 2006 until 2009, he was a Science and Technology Attaché at the Embassy of Sweden in Tokyo, Japan. Before that, he worked as a Center Manager and Senior Researcher in China, setting up joint research and education centers for KTH Royal Institute of Technology at Zhejiang University and Fudan University.
 

Dr. Laura Barbieri is a STINT Science Fellow in Japan and South Korea. Based in Tokyo, she is currently a Visiting Scholar at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS). Previously, she was a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow at Osaka Metropolitan University, where she conducted malaria immunology research within the SATREPS JICA Project in collaboration with Kenyan and Japanese partners.

Dr. Barbieri holds a PhD in Experimental Immunology from the University of Padova (Italy), carried out with Karolinska Institutet (Sweden), and a Master’s degree in Medical Biotechnologies from Padova in collaboration with King’s College London (UK). She also worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Cambridge (UK) and was a Visiting Researcher at the University of Tokyo (Japan).
 

Dr. Erik Forsberg has been the STINT Representative in Asia since 2018. He has worked in China for more than 17 years, and was the Founding Vice Director of the Sino–Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics as well as a Postdoctoral Fellow and an Associate Professor at Zhejiang University, China.

Dr. Forsberg was the Founding Graduate Dean at the Higher Colleges of Technology (United Arab Emirates) and a Visiting Scientist at Hokkaido University (Japan). Currently, he is an Adjunct Associate Professor at Zhejiang University and a Visiting Research Associate at the University of Malaya (Malaysia). In parallel with his academic work, he has been active in industry and entrepreneurship in China, co-founding several startups.

 

Directions and Parking > 

Okimoto Conference Room (E307)
Encina Hall, 3rd Floor
616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305

Andreas Göthenberg, Executive Director, STINT
Laura Barbieri, Science Fellow in Japan and South Korea, STINT; Visiting Scholar, GRIPS
Erik Forsberg, Representative in China and ASEAN, STINT; Associate Professor, Zhejiang University
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Illiberal Law and Development - Susan Whiting

In Illiberal Law and Development, Susan H. Whiting advances institutional economic theory with original survey and fieldwork data, addressing two puzzles in Chinese political economy: how economic development has occurred despite insecure property rights and weak rule of law and how the Chinese state has maintained political control amid unrest. Whiting answers these questions by focusing on the role of illiberal law in reassigning property rights and redirecting grievances. The book reveals that, in the context of technological change, a legal system that facilitates reassignment of land rights to higher-value uses plays an important and under-theorized role in promoting economic development. This system simultaneously represses conflict and asserts legitimacy. Comparing China to post-Glorious Revolution England and contemporary India, Whiting presents a critical new argument that brings the Chinese case more directly into debates in comparative politics about the role of the state in specifying property rights and maintaining authoritarian rule.

Speaker: Susan H. Whiting is Professor of Political Science at the University of Washington. She is the author of Illiberal Law and Development: Property Rights and Conflict over Land in China (2026) and Power and Wealth in Rural China: The Political Economy of Institutional Change (2001), both published by Cambridge University Press. Her research on property rights, state capacity, “rule of law,” economic development, and civil society in China has been published in journals such as Comparative Political Studies, Studies in Comparative International Development, China Quarterly, Journal of Asian Studies, and Voluntas, as well as in edited volumes such as Holding China Together and Trust and Governance, among others. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Michigan and a B.A. in East Asian Studies from Yale University. At the University of Washington, she also holds adjunct appointments in the School of Law and the Jackson School of International Studies.  

 

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Philippines Conference Room (C330)
Encina Hall, 3rd Floor
616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305

Susan H. Whiting , Professor, University of Washington
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Banner for a Shorenstein APARC working paper, showing a quill, inkwell, and old ledger book

 

This paper considers whether financialization is a necessary stage of financial modernization. It argues that comparisons of financial systems should not stop at the structural distinction between bank finance and market finance, or between indirect and direct finance. Instead, they should examine how credit is identified, recognized, constrained, and circulated, and how credit risk is allocated. A bank-centered system produces credit through relational trust, organizational review, continuous monitoring, and the internalization of risk. A financialized system expands credit circulation through standardization, assetization, securitization, and market transactions. Evidence from Germany, Japan, China, and the United States suggests that bank-centered finance and financialization are not lower and higher stages of the same developmental path, but two different modes of credit organization. The key issue in financial modernization is not a choice between banks and markets, but how institutional boundaries are reorganized between credit embeddedness and credit mobility.  

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From Relational Trust to Credit Transactionalization

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