Stanford University

Israel and America: Two Nations We Love to Hate

-

Joffe is a leading European commentator on international affairs. He is a frequent commentator on BBC, National Public Radio and various German radio stations, as well as on German, American, British, and Austrian television.

CISAC Conference Room

Josef Joffe Editor Speaker Die Zeit, Germany
Lectures

Do International Regimes Punish Heretics More Than Infidels? A Study of the Democratization Clause in International Agreements

-

In this paper, I draw on the experience of the European Union (EU) to ask under what conditions economic integration furthers democratization. Scholars agree that incentives at the European level have helped democratic transitions in Southern and Eastern Europe. However, there is no agreement on (i) the exact causal mechanisms involved, (ii) the relative size of the effects, (iii) whether this success can be replicated outside or Europe. I address these issues by offering a theory of how integration furthers democratization. I argue economic integration can help citizens resolve the coordination dilemmas they face in holding their rulers accountable. Integration works in two ways: (a) through diffusion of civic culture, it enables citizens to second-guess each other's likely actions in the event of government abuse, (b) through credible conditionality, integration removes the ability of the ruler to lean on some support coalitions while abusing others. An empirical test of the theory strongly confirms that economic integration leads to democracy when its culture-spreading aspect is strongly backed by conditionality. An important aspects of the theory is that it generalizes. The theory and evidence suggest that there are substantial unexploited opportunities for encouraging democracy in Latin America, the Middle East, Africa and Asia.

Download pdf

Encina Ground Floor Conference Room

Nikolay Vladimirov Marinov Fellow CDDRL
Seminars

Europe Enlarged. Implications for Transatlantic Relations

-

On May 1 the European Union has taken ten new countries on board. The second biggest economy in the world now consists of 454 million people in 25 countries with an overall gross domestic product of 9.600 billion EURO.

Agreement on a European constitution seems imminent in June, thus "deepening" the integration after the biggest ever process of "widening". The consequences of both events are also bigger than ever. What are the choices ahead of the European Union that is also voting for a new Parliament in June, the only supranational Parliament on the globe? And moreover: What might be the implication of an enlarged and more assertive European Union for transatlantic relations, most notably in foreign and security affairs? In light of the past Internal Western Cold War on Iraq, this issue is of more concern than ever.

Ludger Kuehnhardt, Director at the Center of European Studies (ZEI) at Bonn University and currently Visiting Professor with Stanford's International Relations Program will discuss current developments in the European Union and their transatlantic implication.

Oksenberg Conference Room

Ludger Kuehnhardt

616 Serra Street
Encina Hall, E106
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

(650) 723-0145 (650) 723-4811
0
Visiting Scholar

Ludger Kuehnhardt was born in Muenster (Germany) in 1958. He is Director of the Center for European Integration Studies (ZEI), a think-tank of the University of Bonn which he helped to set up since 1997(www.zei.de). Prior to this, he was Chair of Political Science at the University of Freiburg and worked as Speechwriter for the former German President Richard von Weizsaecker. Ludger Kuehnhardt has been a Visiting Fellow ot Stanford's Hoover Institution in 1995/96. He was a Public-Policy Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington D.C. in 2002 and a Visiting Professor at Dartmouth College in 2000. He is a Visiting Professor at the Catholic University of Milan and at the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna.

Prof. Kuehnhardts research interests center on transatlantic relations and European foreign and security policy in light of the joint new challenges in the Greater Middle East. He is also conducting research on the constitution-building process of the European Union and its ramification for European identity. His research interests include the "globalization" of regional integration processes and its link to the European integration experience.

He has wide range experiences in political and academic consulting work and has lectured in all continents. He studied history, philosophy and political science in Bonn, Geneva, Tokyo and at Harvard's Center for European Studies.

Ludger Kuehnhardt is the author of more than twenty books on Europe, transatlantic relations,political theory and history of ideas.

Ludger Kuehnhardt Director Speaker the Center of European Studies (ZEI) at Bonn University
Lectures

The Media and Economic Scandals

News Type
News
Date
Paragraphs

In one and a half days of academic workshops, scholars from multiple disciplines and across the country and Europe discussed the issue of information incompleteness, and the role in this of the media, and possible media bias. Corporate performance and the media were also discussed.

Ulrike Malmendier of Stanford and a collaborator presented results indicating that media attention on CEOs may be detrimental to the CEOs' future performance. And Lisa George of Hunter College attempted to demonstrate a significant liberal bias in a study comparing the leanings of The New York Times, USA Today, Fox News and others, with the average member of Congress.

Other presentations focused on how media coverage might influence asset prices. Luigi Zingales of the University of Chicago, for instance, attempted to demonstrate that stock prices are most reactive to the category of earnings emphasized by the press. Finally, Andrea Prat of the London School of Economics and David Stromberg of Stockholm University focused on the breakup of government-controlled media and the impact on politics. They examined voter turnout when people have more media outlets to chose among. They attempted to show that Swedish viewers who switched to commercial television become more active voters, and better informed.

The topic of the second-day panels was the corporate scandals that have shaken Wall Street, and the economic crises and bubbles that have troubled international financial markets. The main question examined was the degree to which the media was culpable in hyping or failing adequately to report in the lead-up to these events, or whether as a whole it handled them well. Other questions were whether the media is capable of reducing market failures, increasing accountability and improving transparency, and the degree to which people ought to rely on the media to play these roles.

Among other speakers were Andrei Shleifer of Harvard University, Sendhil Mulainathan of MIT and James Hamilton of Duke University. The journalists included the authors of two books on the Enron scandal: The Wall Street Journal's John Emshwiller, co-author of 24 Days, and Fortune magazine's Bethany McLean, co-author of The Smartest Guys in the Room. Also discussing corporate scandals was the Financial Times' Richard Waters. Discussing Russia and economic crises was Fortune magazine's Bill Powell and the Economist magazine's Edward Lucas.

All News button
1

The Remaking of Austria After World War II: Occupation, Identity, and Society, 1945-55

June 4, Friday

9:00-9:30

Continental Breakfast

9:30-10:00

Opening remarks by Norman Naimark and Amir Eshel

10:00-12:30

Panel I: The Meaning of the Allied Occupation for Austrian History

Chair: Norman Naimark, Stanford University

Speaker: Michael Gehler, Innsbruck University, "Still 'Occupied' by Germany, 1945-1955"

Speaker: Oliver Rathkolb, Democracy Centre, Vienna, and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for History and Society, "The 'Allied Occupation' and the Collective Memory of Austrians after 1945"

Speaker: Guenter Bischof, University of New Orleans, "The Meaning of the Allied Occupation for Austrian History"

12:30-2:00

Lunch

2:00-4:30

Panel II: Society and Culture in Four-Power Austria

Chair: Amir Eshel, Stanford University

Speaker: Wendelin Schmidt-Denger, University of Vienna, "Austria 1945-1948-1995: Literature"

Speaker: Kristin Rebien, Stanford University, "Beyond the Dream: Paul Celan on Postwar Austrian Surrealism"

Speaker: Matti Bunzl, University of Illinois, Urbana, "Thinking the Center through the Margins: Jews and Homosexuals in Post-World War II Austria"

June 5, Saturday

9:00-9:30

Continental Breakfast

9:30-12:00

Panel II: The Soviet Factor

Chair: David Holloway, Stanford University

Speaker: Vojtech Mastny, Wilson Center, Washington D.C., "The Soviet Factor in the Remaking of Austria after World War II"

Speaker: Wolfgang Mueller, University of Vienna, "Some Aspects of the Political Mission of the USSR in Austria, 1943-45"

Speaker: Gennady Bordiugov, AIRO-XX Publishers, Russia, "Germany and Austria: View from the USSR"

Speaker: Norman Naimark, Stanford University, "Stalin and the Austrian Question"

12:00-1:00

Lunch

1:00-3:20

Panel IV: Central European Perspectives

Chair: Ludger Kuenhardt, Bonn University

Speaker: Arnold Suppan, University of Vienna, "Austria and Its Neighbors in the East, 1945-1948"

Speaker: Dietrich Orlow, Boston University, "Austria and Germany after World War II: Similarities and Differences Protocol"

Speaker: Peter Kenez, University of California, Santa Cruz, "Hungary, 1945-1948"

3:40-4:00

General Discussions

Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room

Workshops
Austria in the Postwar World

Turkey: Democracy Through European Integration? EU Membership Conditionality, Democratic Deficiency and Cultural Bias

Is There A Constitution In Europe's Future?

News Type
News
Date
Paragraphs
On February 25 Jean-Luc Dehaene, one of the most prominent European politicians, visited Stanford IIS. Dehaene was Prime Minister of Belgium for most of the 1990s. Dehaene spoke about the prospects for the adoption of a European Union (EU) constitution and the challenges the EU is currently facing.

On February 25 Jean-Luc Dehaene, one of the most prominent European politicians, visited Stanford IIS. Dehaene was Prime Minister of Belgium for most of the 1990s. He was President of the European Council in 1993, and more recently Vice-President of the constitutional Convention on the Future of Europe.

Dehaene spoke about the prospects for the adoption of a European Union (EU) constitution and the challenges the EU is currently facing.

In May 2004, ten new countries, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe, will be joining the EU's current 15 members. Dehaene pointed at the importance of the enlargement process for the political and economic stability in Eastern Europe. In the early 1990s the EU set out a road map for membership for the Eastern European countries, with clear criteria for accession. Meeting these conditions became a major policy objective, and this created a consistent and coherent policy environment in Eastern Europe, according to Dehaene.

The ten countries are now ready for membership. The EU itself, however, is ill prepared. Its institutions were setup in the 1950s for a Union of six. That is why the EU called a constitutional Convention to reform its institutions and make sure that an EU with 25 members function efficiently. The constitution also seeks to increase the transparency of the political process, and to increase the EU's effectiveness in a globalized world.

Dehaene concluded that the member states have reached agreement on 95 percent of the constitution, and that a final text could be approved by the end of the year.

All News button
1

Anti-Americanism in Europe: A Cultural Problem

Paragraphs

Since September 11, 2001, the attitudes of Europeans toward the United States have grown increasingly more negative. For many in Europe, the terrorist attack on New York City was seen as evidence of how American behavior elicits hostility -- and how it would be up to Americans to repent and change their ways. In this revealing look at the deep divide that has emerged, Russell A. Berman explores the various dimensions of contemporary European anti-Americanism.

The author shows how, as the process of post-cold war European unification has progressed, anti-Americanism has proven to be a useful ideology for the definition of a new European identity. He examines this emerging identity and shows how it has led Europeans to a position hostile to any "regime change" by the United States -- no matter how bad the regime may be -- whether in Serbia, Afghanistan, or Iraq.

Berman details the elements -- some cultural, some simply irrational -- of this disturbing movement and tells why it is likely to remain a feature of relations between the United States and Europe for the foreseeable future. He explains how anti-Americanism operates like an obsessive prejudice and stereotype, impervious to rational arguments or factual proof, and shows how the negative response to U.S. policies can be traced to a larger, more deeply rooted movement against globalization.

Anti-Americanism in Western Europe is not just a friendly disagreement, it is a widening chasm. This book makes a major contribution to understanding this important ideological challenge.

All Publications button
1
Publication Type
Books
Publication Date
Journal Publisher
Hoover Press
Authors
Russell A. Berman

United States Nuclear Weapons & Nuclear Explosion Testing

-

Drell Lecture Recording: NA

 

Drell Lecture Transcript: 

 

Speaker's Biography: Richard Garwin is IBM Fellow Emeritus at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York. After three years on the faculty of the University of Chicago, he joined IBM Corporation in 1952, and was until June 1993 IBM Fellow at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York; Adjunct Research Fellow in the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; and Adjunct Professor of Physics at Columbia University. In addition, he is a consultant to the U.S. government on matters of military technology, arms control, etc. He has been Director of the IBM Watson Laboratory, Director of Applied Research at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, and a member of the IBM Corporate Technical Committee. He has also been Professor of Public Policy in the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. From 1994 to 2004 he was Philip D. Reed Senior Fellow for Science and Technology at the Council on Foreign Relations, New York.

He has made contributions in the design of nuclear weapons, in instruments and electronics for research in nuclear and low-temperature physics, in the establishment of the nonconservation of parity and the demonstration of some of its striking consequences, in computer elements and systems, including superconducting devices, in communication systems, in the behavior of solid helium, in the detection of gravitational radiation, and in military technology. He has published more than 500 papers and been granted 45 U.S. patents. He has testified to many Congressional committees on matters involving national security, transportation, energy policy and technology, and the like. He is coauthor of many books, among them Nuclear Weapons and World Politics (1977), Nuclear Power Issues and Choices (1977), Energy: The Next Twenty Years (1979), Science Advice to the President (1980), Managing the Plutonium Surplus: Applications and Technical Options (1994), Feux Follets et Champignons Nucleaires (1997) (in French with Georges Charpak), and Megawatts and Megatons: A Turning Point in the Nuclear Age? (2001) (with Georges Charpak).

He was a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee 1962-65 and 1969-72, and of the Defense Science Board 1966-69. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, of the IEEE, and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the American Philosophical Society. In 2002 he was elected again to the Council of the National Academy of Sciences.

His work for the government has included studies on antisubmarine warfare, new technologies in health care, sensor systems, military and civil aircraft, and satellite and strategic systems, from the point of view of improving such systems as well as assessing existing capabilities. For example, he contributed to the first U.S. photographic reconnaissance satellite program, CORONA, that returned 3 million feet of film from almost 100 successful flights 1960-1972.

He has been a member of the Scientific Advisory Group to the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff and was in 1998 a Commissioner on the 9-person "Rumsfeld" Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States. From 1993 to August 2001, he chaired the Arms Control and Nonproliferation Advisory Board of the Department of State. On the 40th anniversary of the founding of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) he was recognized as one of the ten Founders of National Reconnaissance. In June, 2002, he was awarded la Grande Medaille de l'Academie des Sciences (France)-2002.

Cubberly Auditorium, Stanford University

Dr. Richard L. Garwin Senior Fellow Science and Technology Council on Foreign Relations, NY
Lectures
Preventing Nuclear Proliferation and Terrorism
Drell Lecture
Subscribe to Western Europe