Stanford University

Violence

Countering Terrorism: What Works?

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The Obama administration has adopted a new policy toward terrorism, rejecting the "war on terror" for a more nuanced approach. Is the new strategy likely to be more effective than the old in destroying Al Qaida and preventing future violence from extremists?

Martha Crenshaw is a senior fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation and the Freeman Spogli Institute, and professor of political science (by courtesy). Her current research focuses on why the United States is the target of terrorism, the effectiveness of counter terrorism policies, and mapping terrorist organizations. Professor Crenshaw served on the Executive Board of Women in International Security and chaired the American Political Science Association (APSA) Task Force on Political Violence and Terrorism. She was a Guggenheim Fellow in 2005-2006. Her edited book, The Consequences of Counterterrorism in Democracies, is being published by the Russell Sage Foundation.

Bechtel Conference Center

Martha Crenshaw Professor of Political Science (by courtesy) and Senior Fellow at CISAC and FSI Speaker
Conferences

Language Violence and State Reorganization in India

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Bethany Lacina is a Hewlett Pre-Doctoral Fellow at CDDRL and a PhD candidate in the Stanford Department of Political Science.  She is also affiliated with the Centre for the Study of Civil War at the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo.  Next fall, she will begin an assistant professorship at the University of Rochester.

Encina Ground Floor Conference Room

Bethany Lacina

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CDDRL Hewlett Fellow 2009-2010
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"The Origins of Political Violence: Language Groups and Civil Conflict in India, 1947-2008"

Bethany Lacina Hewlett Fellow Speaker CDDRL
Seminars

Mapping Terrorist Organizations

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Martha Crenshaw will present a research project, "Mapping Terrorist Organizations," recently funded by NSF.

The purpose of the project is to identify patterns in the evolution of organizations that practice terrorism, specify the causes and consequences of these patterns, and analyze the development of Al Qaeda and its cohort in a comprehensive comparative framework.

The project analyzes the organizational structure of different families of organizations and traces their relationships over time. It will produce a series of dynamic maps of the architecture of violent and non-violent opposition groups operating in the same conflict theater.

It will also identify common patterns of organizational evolution, as groups form, split, merge, collaborate, compete, shift ideological direction, adopt or renounce terrorism, grow, shrink, and decline. Models based on comparisons of historical genealogies of terrorism will be applied to the case of Al Qaeda and its affiliates and associates, including the Afghani and Pakistani Taliban. Theories generated from the study will thus shed light on an important and constantly evolving national security threat.

The project will also identify or develop computer software to assemble, organize, and display information about organizations and their interactions over time.

Martha Crenshaw is a senior fellow at CISAC and FSI and a professor of political science by courtesy. She was the Colin and Nancy Campbell Professor of Global Issues and Democratic Thought and professor of government at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn., from 1974 to 2007. Her current research focuses on innovation in terrorist campaigns, the distinction between "old" and "new" terrorism, why the United States is the target of terrorism, and the effectiveness of counterterrorism policies.

She has written extensively on the issue of political terrorism; her first article, "The Concept of Revolutionary Terrorism," was published in the Journal of Conflict Resolution in 1972. Her recent work includes "Terrorism, Strategies, and Grand Strategies," in Attacking Terrorism (Georgetown University Press), "Terrorism and Global Security," in Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World (United States Institute of Peace Press), and "Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay," in the journal Security Studies. She is also the editor of a projected volume, The Consequences of Counterterrorist Policies in Democracies, for the Russell Sage Foundation in New York.

She served on the Executive Board of Women in International Security and chaired the American Political Science Association (APSA) Task Force on Political Violence and Terrorism. She has also served on the Council of the APSA and is a former President and Councilor of the International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP). In 2004 ISPP awarded her its Nevitt Sanford Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution and in 2005 the Jeanne Knutson award for service to the society. She serves on the editorial boards of the journals International Security, Orbis, Political Psychology, Security Studies, and Terrorism and Political Violence. She coordinated the working group on political explanations of terrorism for the 2005 Club de Madrid International Summit on Democracy, Terrorism and Security. She is a lead investigator with the National Center for the Study of Terrorism and the Response to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland, funded by the Department of Homeland Security. She was a Guggenheim Fellow in 2005-2006. She served on the Committee on Law and Justice and the Committee on Determining Basic Research Needs to Interrupt the Improvised Explosive Device Delivery Chain of the National Research Council of the National Academies of Science. She was a senior fellow at the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism in Oklahoma City for 2006-2007.

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Reuben W. Hills Conference Room

Martha Crenshaw Professor of Political Science (by courtesy) and Senior Fellow at CISAC and FSI Speaker
Seminars
Mapping Militant Organizations

James M. Ward

Department of History
450 Serra Mall, Building 200
Stanford University
Stanford, Ca 94305-2024

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Acting Assistant Professor, Department of History
Europe Center Research Affiliate
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James Mace Ward is an acting assistant professor of European history at Stanford University. During summer 2009, he will be affiliated with the Institut für Osteuropäische Geschichte at the University of Vienna. 

Besides teaching at the Stanford Department of History, Ward is also a product of it, having received his Ph.D. there in June 2008. His dissertation is a political and intellectual biography of Jozef Tiso (1887–1947), the priest-president of Slovakia during the Second World War. In support of this research, Ward received several fellowships, including from the Mellon Foundation, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Fulbright-Hayes Program, and the International Research and Exchanges Board.

Ward’s research examines the intersections between religion, nationalism, and mass violence. His published work on Tiso includes “‘People Who Deserve It’: Jozef Tiso and the Presidential Exemption,” in the December 2002 issue of Nationalities Papers. Although specializing on the history of modern Eastern Europe, Ward is also interested in exploring collaboration and resistance from a broader, comparative perspective. His most recent publication accordingly dealt with American internees in Japanese-occupied Manila during the Second World War (“Legitimate Collaboration: The Administration of Santo Tomás Internment Camp and Its Histories, 1942–2003,” in the May 2008 issue of Pacific Historical Review).

 At present, Ward is revising his dissertation for publication as a book while developing ideas on a second project, a history of modern, state-led expropriation in relation to the social question, broadly defined.  Framed as a journey through time and space down the Danube from Josephist Vienna to Stalinist Budapest, this monograph would investigate a series of episodes of or debates about expropriation within a Central European context.

CISAC Directors' Seminar featuring Honors Students

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Sarah Catanzaro is a senior undergraduate student at Stanford University majoring in international relations and minoring in Art History. Her interest in international security studies was provoked by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the Twin Towers. Living on Long Island in a community that was impacted by this tragedy, she experienced firsthand the acute anxiety and sense of vulnerability induced by terrorism and sought to understand this phenomenon through academic research. As a result, she, like Ms. Esberg worked as a research assistant for Jacob Shapiro, a former postgraduate fellow at CISAC, examining the inefficiencies and vulnerabilities of terrorist groups. Since her junior year, she has served as a research assistant for Professor Martha Crenshaw. Moreover, Sarah interned at the Center on Law and Security at New York University School of Law, where she created a database of released Guantanamo Bay detainees that now serves as a crucial research tool for the executive director of the Center, Karen Greenberg. She is also active in the Stanford community as the President of the Public Health Initiative and former Events Director of Stanford Women in Business. She looks forward to expand her knowledge and professional experiences in the field of international security in the near future.

Jane Esberg is a CISAC Undergraduate Honors Student graduating this June with a B.A. in International Relations. She currently works as a research assistant for acting co-director of CISAC, Professor Lynn Eden, investigating US nuclear war planning. Previously, she has researched for Professor Kenneth A. Schultz, CISAC Homeland Security Fellow Jacob Shapiro, and PhD Candidate Luke Condra. In Summer 2008 Jane received a Stanford in Government Fellowship to work with the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in London, in the Transnational Threats and Political Risks division. She studied abroad at Oxford University, where she completed a tutorial on "the Politics of Terrorism," and in Santiago, Chile, where she was awarded a Stanford Quarterly Research Grant to conduct independent research for use in her thesis. After graduation, she will be traveling as a Haas Center Fellow to the Tambopata region of the Peruvian Amazon to conduct a research and service project on the impact of national policy, urbanization, and immigration on agricultural sustainability.

CISAC Conference Room

Sarah Catanzaro CISAC Honors Student and winner of the William J. Perry Prize Speaker
Jane Esberg CISAC Honors Student and winner of the Firestone Medal Speaker
Michael M. May CISAC Co-Director Moderator
Seminars

Richard Roberts

History Department
Bldg. 200, Rm 211
Stanford, CA 94305-2024

(650) 723-9179
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Frances & Charles Field Professor in History and Professor of African History
Director of the Center for African Studies
and CDDRL Affiliated Faculty
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Richard Roberts is the Frances & Charles Field Professor in History and African History, and Director of the Center for African Studies at Stanford University. He is also affiliated with the Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity (CCRSE). Roberts is one of the world's experts on the social and economic history of French West Africa and has been teaching African history to Stanford students since 1980.

His current research interest is the social history of everyday life during the 25 years surrounding French conquest of the interior of West Africa-especially how colonial conquest and the establishment of colonial rule ushered in changes in African societies and economies.

Some of his Courses include: Africa in the 20th Century, The End of Slavery in Africa and the Americas, Law in Colonial Africa, African Identities in a Changing World, and Core Colloquium on Precolonial African History. Some recent publications include: Two World of Cotton: French Colonialism and the Regional Economy of the French Soudan, 1800-1946 (Stanford, 1996), Cotton, Colonialism, and Social History in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Allen Isaacman (Heinemann, 1995), and Domestic Violence and the Law in Africa: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (Ohio University Press, forthcoming) with Emily Burrill and Elizabeth Thornberry.

Roberts received his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1978, his M.A. at Simon Fraser University in 1973, and his B.A. at the University of Wisonsin in 1970.

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