General Bibliography
General Bibliography
Adesnik, David with McFaul, Michael. “Engaging Autocratic Allies to Promote Democracy,” The Washington Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 2 (Spring 2006):7-26.
Allison, Graham T., Jr., and Robert P. Beschel, Jr. ‘‘Can the United States Promote Democracy?’’ Political Science Quarterly, vol. 107, no. 1 (Spring 1992): 81–98.
Birdsall, Nancy. “Do No Harm: Aid, Weak Institutions and the Missing Middle in Africa,” Development Policy Review, vol.25, no.5 (September 2007): 575-598.
Bivens, Matt. ‘‘Aboard the Gravy Train,’’ Harper’s (August 1997).
Boot, Max. “Neither New Nor Nefarious: The Liberal Empire Strikes Back,” Current History, vol. 102, no. 667 (2003): 361-6.
Brawley, Mark R. with Baerg, Nicole. “Structural Adjustment, Development, and Democracy,” International Studies Review, vol. 9, no.4 (2007):601–615.
Brinkley, Douglas. ‘‘Democratic Enlargement: The Clinton Doctrine,’’ Foreign Policy, no. 106 (Spring 1997): 111–27.
Brown, Stephen. “Foreign Aid and Democracy Promotion: Lessons from Africa,” European Journal of Development Research, vol. 17, no.2 (2005): 179-198.
Burnell, Peter . “Autocratic Opening to Democracy: Why Legitimacy Matters,” Third World Quarterly, vol.27, no.4 (2006): 545 – 562.
Burnell, Peter, ed. Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization. London: Frank Cass, 2000.
Burnell, Peter. “From Evaluating Democracy Assistance to Appraising Democracy,” Political Studies (2007).
Burnell, Peter. ‘‘Good Government and Democratization: A Sideways Look at Aid and Conditionality,’’ Democratization, vol. 1, no. 3 (Autumn 1994): 485–503.
Carothers, Thomas. “The Backlash against Democracy Promotion,” Foreign Affairs (March/April 2006).
Carothers, Thomas. “The ‘Sequencing’ Fallacy,” Journal of Democracy, vol.18, no. 1 (2007):12–27.
Carothers, Thomas. “Why Dictators Aren’t Dominoes,” Foreign Policy (July/August 2003): 59-60.
______. “Democracy, State, and AID: A Tale of Two Cultures,” The Foreign Service Journal (February 2001): 21-26.
______. Aiding Democracy Abroad: The Learning Curve. Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 1999.
______. ‘‘Democracy Assistance: The Question of Strategy,’’ Democratization, vol. 4, no. 3 (Autumn 1997): 109–32.
______. Assessing Democracy Assistance: The Case of Romania. Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 1996.
______. ‘‘Aiding Post-Communist Societies: A Better Way?’’ Problems of Post-Communism (September/October 1996): 15–24.
______. ‘‘The NED at Ten,’’ Foreign Policy, no. 95 (Summer 1994): 123–38.
______. In the Name of Democracy: U.S. Policy Toward Latin America in the Reagan Years. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
Chua, Amy. World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability. New York: Doubleday, 2003.
Cox, Michael, G. John Ikenberry and Takashi Inoguchi. American Democracy Promotion: Impulses, Strategies, and Impacts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Crawford, Gordon. ‘‘Foreign Aid and Political Conditionality: Issues of Effectiveness and Consistency,’’ Democratization, vol. 4, no. 3 (Autumn 1997): 69–108.
Coate, Roger A. “The Promotion of Democracy,” Global Society, vol.19, no.4 (October 2005):445 – 455.
______. “Promoting Democracy from Without: Learning from Within (Part I),” Democratization, vol. 10, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 77-98.
______. “Promoting Democracy from Without: Learning from Within (Part II),” Democratization, vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 2003): 1-20.
______. Foreign Aid and Political Reform: A Comparative Analysis of Democracy Assistance and Political Conditionality. Leeds, U.K.: Palgrave, 2001.
Crawford, Gordon, with Iain Kearton. “Evaluating Democracy and Governance Assistance,” Centre for Development Studies (February 2002).
Crawford, Gordon. “The European Union and Democracy Promotion in Africa: The Case of Ghana,” European Journal of Development Research, vol. 14, no. 4 (December 2005):.571-600.
Creative Associates International. A Retrospective of A.I.D.’s Experience in Strengthening Democratic Institutions in Latin America, 1961–1981. Washington: USAID, September 1987.
Croat, Roger. “The Promotion of Democracy,” Global Society, vol. 19, no. 4 (October 2005): 445-455
Crook, Elizabeth Fletcher. ‘‘Political Development as a Program Objective of U.S. Foreign Assistance: Title IX of the 1966 Foreign Assistance Act,’’ Tufts University Ph.D. thesis, 1970 (unpublished).
Dalpino, Catharin E. Anchoring Third Wave Democracies: Prospects and Problems for U.S. Policy. Washington: The Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University, 1998.
______. Deferring Democracy: Promoting Openness in Authoritarian Regimes. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.
Dalpino, Catharin E., and Mike Jendrzejczyk. ‘‘Has the Clinton Administration Done a Good Job of Promoting Democracy in Asia?’’ The CQ Researcher, vol. 8, no. 27 (July 24, 1998).
Dawisha, Karen, ed. The International Dimension of Post-Communist Transitions in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1997.
Diamond, Larry. ‘‘Promoting Democracy in Africa: U.S. and International Policies in Transition,’’ in John W. Harbeson and Donald Rothchild, eds., Africa in World Politics: Post-Cold War Challenges. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995.
Dumbrell, John. “Lessons from Russia: Clinton and US Democracy Promotion,” The Slavonic and East European Review, vol. 86, no. 1 (January 2008):185-186.
______. ‘‘Promoting Democracy,’’ Foreign Policy, no. 87 (Summer 1992): 25–46.
______. Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
______. Promoting Democracy in the 1990s: Actors and Instruments, Issues and Imperatives. Washington: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, 1995.
Ethier, Diane. “Is Democracy Promotion Effective? Comparing Conditionality and Incentives,” Democratization, vol. 10, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 99-120.
European Stability Initiative. “Rhetoric and Reform: A Case Study of Institution Building in Montenegro 1998-2001,” ESI Report (June 27, 2001).
Farer, Tom J., ed. Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Finkel, Steven E. “Can Democracy Be Taught?” Journal of Democracy, vol. 14, no. 4 (October 2003): 137-151.
Finkel, Steven E. with Pérez-Liñán, Aníbal, Seligson, Mitchell A., Azpuru, Dinorah. “Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building:Results of a Cross-National Quantitative Study,” USAID( January 12, 2006)
Fisher, Jeff. “Elections and International Civilian Policing: History and Practice in Peace Operations,” International Foundation for Elections Systems, White Paper (June 2002).
François,Monika with Sud, Inder. “Promoting Stability and Development in Fragile and Failed States,” Development Policy Review, vol.24, no. 2 (2007):141–160.
Fritz, Verena with Menocal, Alina Rocha. “Developmental States in the New Millennium: Concepts and Challenges for a New Aid Agenda,” Development Policy Review, vol. 25, no. 5 (September 2007): 531-552.
Fukuyama, Francis with McFaul, Michael. “Should Democracy Be Promoted or Demoted?”The Washington Quarterly, vol. 31, no.1 (Winter 2007-08): 23–45.
Gause III, F. Gregory. “Can Democracy Stop Terrorism?” Foreign Affairs (September/October 2005).
Geddes, Barbara. Politician’s Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
Gershman, Carl. ‘‘The United States and the World Democratic Revolution,’’ The Washington Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 127–40.
Gershman, Carl with McFaul, Michael. “The Assault on Democracy Assistance,” Journal of Democracy, vol. 17, no. 2 (2006): 36-51
Golub, Stephen. ‘‘Assessing and Enhancing the Impact of Democratic Development Projects: A Practitioner’s Perspective,’’ Studies in Comparative International Development, vol. 28, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 54–70.
Green, Jerrold D. ‘‘USAID’s Democratic Pluralism Initiative: Pragmatism or Altruism?’’ Ethics and International Affairs, vol. 5 (1991): 215–31.
Grindle, Merilee S., ed. Getting Good Government: Capacity Building in the Public Sector of Developing Countries. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Institute for International Development, 1997.
Guney, An. “The European Union's Democracy Promotion Policies in Algeria: Success or Failure?” Journal of North African Studies, vol. 12, no. 1 (2007): 109-128
Halperin, Morton H., and Kristen Lomasney. ‘‘Guaranteeing Democracy: A Review of the Record,’’ Journal of Democracy, vol. 9, no. 2 (1998): 134–47.
Hendrickson, David C. ‘‘The Democratist Crusade: Intervention, Economic Sanctions, and Engagement,’’ World Policy Journal, vol. 11 (Winter 1994/1995) 18–30.
Hook, Steven W. ‘‘ ‘Building Democracy’ through Foreign Aid: The Limitations of United States Political Conditionalities, 1992–96,’’ Democratization, vol. 5, no. 3 (Autumn 1998): 156–180.
Huntley, James Robert. Pax Democratica: A Strategy for the 21st Century. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Democracy and Deep-Rooted Conflict: Options for Negotiators. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 1998.
______. The International IDEA Handbook on Democracy Assessment. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2001.
Joyner, Christopher C. ‘‘The United Nations and Democracy,’’ Global Governance, vol. 5 (1999): 333–57.
Kearns, Ian. “Western Intervention and the Promotion of Democracy in Serbia,” Political Quarterly, vol. 70, no. 1 (January/March 1999): 23-30.
Kopstein, Jeffrey. “The Transatlantic Divide over Democracy Promotion,” The Washington Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 2 (Spring 2006): 85-98.
Landsberg, Chris. “Promoting Democracy: The Mandela-Mbeki Doctrine,” Journal of Democracy, vol. 11, no. 3 (July 2000): 107-21.
Lasota, Irena. “Sometimes Less is More,” Journal of Democracy, vol. 10, no. 4 (October 1999): 125-28.
Leftwich, Adrian, ed. ‘‘Governance, Democracy and Development in the Third World,’’ Third World Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 3 (1993) 605–24.
______. Democracy and Development: Theory and Practice. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press, 1996.
Lovell, David W. “Democracy Promotion as Foreign Policy: Some Cautionary Reflections,” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, vol. 2, no. 2. (September 2007: 101-125.
Lowenthal, Abraham F., ed. Exporting Democracy: The United States and Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
Lowenkron, Barry F. “Realism: Why Democracy Promotion Matters,” American Foreign Policy Interests, vol.29, no.3 (2007): 201 – 206.
Mandelbaum, Michael. “Democracy without America,” Foreign Affairs (September/October 2007).
Meernik, James. ‘‘United States Military Intervention and the Promotion of Democracy,’’ Journal of Peace Research, vol. 33, no. 4 (November 1996): 391–420.
Mendelson, Sarah E. “Democracy Assistance and Political Transition in Russia,” International Security, vol. 25, no. 4 (Spring 2001): 68-106.
Milliken, Jennifer with Krause, Keith. “State Failure, State Collapse, and State Reconstruction: Concepts, Lessons and Strategies,” Development and Change, vol. 33, no. 5 (November 2002): 753-774.
Monten, Jonathan. “The Roots of Bush Doctrine: Power, Nationalism, and Democracy Promotion in U.S. Strategy,” International Security, vol. 29, no. 4 (2005): 112-156
Moore, Mick, and Mark Robinson. ‘‘Can Foreign Aid Be Used to Promote Good Government in Developing Countries?’’ Ethics and International Affairs, vol. 8 (1994): 141–58.
Moss, Todd J. ‘‘U.S. Policy and Democratisation in Africa: The Limits of Liberal Universalism,’’ The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 33, no. 2 (1995): 189–209.
Muravchik, Joshua. Exporting Democracy: Fulfilling America’s Destiny. Washington: American Enterprise Institute Press, 1991.
Natsios, Andrew S. “Five Debates on International Development: The US Perspective,” Development Policy Review, vol. 24, no. 2(March 2006): 131-139.
Niblett, Robin. “Choosing between America and Europe: A New Context for British Foreign Policy,” International Affairs, vol.83, no.4 (2007): 627–641.
Olsen, Gorm Rye. ‘‘Europe and the Promotion of Democracy in Post- Cold War Africa: How Serious is Europe and for What Reason?’’ African Affairs, vol. 97, no. 388 (July 1998): 343–67.
______. “Promotion of Democracy as a Foreign Policy Instrument of ‘Europe’: Limits to International Idealism,” Democratization, vol. 7, no. 2 (Summer 2000): 142-67.
Ott, Dana and Melissa Rosser. “The Electronic Republic? The Role of the Internet in Promoting Democracy in Africa,” Democratization, vol. 7, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 137-56.
Ottaway, Marina, and Theresa Chung. ‘‘Debating Democracy Assistance: Toward a New Paradigm,’’ Journal of Democracy, vol. 10, no. 4 (October 1999): 99-113.
Ottaway, Marina. “Rebuilding State Institutions in Collapsed States,” Development and Change, vol. 33, no. 5(November 2002): 1001-1023.
Ottaway, Marina. “Think Again: Nation Building,” Foreign Policy (September/October 2002): 16-24.
______. Africa’s New Leaders: Democracy or State Reconstruction? Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1999.
______. Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism. Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 2003.
Packenham, Robert A. Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973.
Palmer, Ambassador Mark. Breaking the Real Axis of Evil: How to Oust the World’s Last Dictators by 2005. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.
Papi, Dr. arko, et al. International Support Policies to South-East European Countries: Lessons (Not) Learned in B-H. Sarajevo: Muller, 2001.
Patrick, Stewart. “"Failed" States and Global Security: Empirical Questions and Policy Dilemmas,”International Studies Review, vol. 9, no. 4 (December 2007):6 44-662.
Peterson, Dave. “A Beacon for Central Africa,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 17, No. 1 (January 2006): 125-131.
Piazza, James A. “Do Democracy and Free Markets Protect Us From Terrorism?,” International Politics, vol. 45, no. 1 (2008):72–91.
Piazza, James A. “Rooted in Poverty?: Terrorism, Poor Economic Development and Social Cleavages,” Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 18, no. 1 (2008): 219–237.
Pinkney, Robert. “Can, and Should, Europe Export Democracy to Africa?” Democracy and Nature, vol. 5, no. 2 (July 1999): 325-42.
Pinto-Duschinsky, Michael. ‘‘The Rise of ‘Political Aid’,’’ in Larry Diamond, Marc Plattner, Yun-han Chu, Hung-mao Tien, eds., Consolidating the Third Wave Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997: 295–324.
Pridham, Geoffrey, Eric Herring, and George Sanford, eds. Building Democracy? The International Dimension of Democratisation in Eastern Europe. New York: Leicester University Press, 1997.
Quigley, Kevin F.F. ‘‘Political Scientists and Assisting Democracy: Too Tenuous Links,’’ PS, Political Science & Politics, vol. 30, no. 3 (September 1997): 564–67.
______. For Democracy’s Sake: Foundations and Democracy Assistance in Central Europe. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1997.
Quinn, Frederick. Democracy at Dawn: Notes from Poland and Points East. College Station, Tex.: Texas A&M University Press, 1998.
Riccardi, Andrea. ‘‘Promoting Democracy, Peace, and Solidarity,’’ Journal of Democracy, vol. 9, no. 4 (Fall 1998): 157–67.
Rieffer, Barbara Ann J., with Mercer, Kristan. “US Democracy Promotion: The Clinton and Bush administrations,” Global Society, vol. 19, no. 4 (October 2005): 385-408.
Robinson, William I. Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, US Intervention, and Hegemony. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Rumer,Eugene. “The U.S. interests and Role in Central Asia after K2,” The Washington Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 141-154.
Samuels, David. ‘‘At Play in the Fields of Oppression,’’ Harper’s (May 1995).
Santiso, Carlos. “International Co-operation for Democracy and Good Governance: Moving Toward a Second Generation?” European Journal of Development Research, vol. 13, no. 1 (June 2001): 154-80.
______. “Sisyphus in the Castle: Improving European Union Strategies for Democracy Promotion and Governance Conditionality,” The European Journal of Development Research, vol. 15, no. 1 (June 2003): 1-28.
Schatz, Edward. “Access by Accident: Legitimacy Claims and Democracy Promotion in Authoritarian Central Asia,” International Political Science Review, vol. 27, no. 3 (2006):263-284.
Schmidt, JR. “Can Outsiders Bring Democracy to Post-Conflict States?,” Orbis, (2008).
Scott, James, and Kelly Walters. “Supporting the Wave: Western Political Foundations and the Promotion of a Global Democratic Society,” Global Society, vol. 14, no. 2 (April 2000): 237-57.
Scott, James. “Transnationalizing Democracy Promotion: The Role of Western Political Foundations and Think-tanks,” Democratization, vol. 6, no. 3 (Autumn 1999): 146-70.
Sharp, Gene. From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation. Boston: The Albert Einstein Institution, 2002.
Smith, Tony. America’s Mission: The United States and the Worldwide Struggle for Democracy in the Twentieth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Stanley, WD. “El Salvador: State-building Before and After Democratisation 1980–95,” Third World Quarterly, 2006 .
Tomasevski, Katarina. Between Sanctions and Elections: Aid Donors and Their Human Rights Performance. London: Pinter Publishers Ltd., 1997.
USAID. “Conducting a DG Assessment: A Framework for Strategy Development,” USAID, Office of Democracy and Governance (November 2000).
Vasquez, Ian. ‘‘Washington’s Dubious Crusade for Hemispheric Democracy,’’ Policy Analysis, no. 201, CATO Institute (January 12, 1994).
Vener, Jessica I. “Prompting Democratic Transitions from Abroad: International Donors and Multi-Partyism in Tanzania,” Democratization, vol. 7, no. 4 (Winter 2000): 133-62.
von Hippel, Karin. Democracy by Force: U.S. Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Wedel, Janine R. Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe, 1989–1998. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.
Whitehead, Laurence, ed. ‘‘Concerning International Support for Democracy in the South,’’ in Robin Luckham and Gordon White, eds. Democratization in the South: The Jagged Wave. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1996: 246–50.
______. The International Dimensions of Democratization: Europe and the Americas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Wiarda, Howard J. Cracks in the Consensus: Debating the Democracy Agenda in U.S. Foreign Policy. The Washington Papers, vol. 172. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1997.
Wolff, Sarah with Pace, Michelle. “Workshop: Europe's Legacy? From Colonialism to Democracy Promotion: The Case of the Mediterranean,” Mediterranean Politics, vol. 12, no.3 (2007): 431 – 435.
Yazdani, Enayatollah. “US Democracy Promotion Policy in the Central Asian Republics Myth or Reality?,” International Studies, vol.44, no.2 (2007): 141-155.
Youngs, Richard. “Democracy Promotion: The Case of European Union Strategy,” Centre for European Policy Studies, no. 167 (October 2001).
______. “European Approaches to Democracy Assistance: Learning the Right Lessons?” Third World Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 1 (2003): 127-138.
______. “European Union Democracy Promotion Policies: Ten Years On,” European Foreign Affairs Review, vol 6, no. 3 (Autumn 2000): 355-373.
Zakaria, Fareed. ‘‘The Rise of Illiberal Democracy,’’ Foreign Affairs, vol. 76, no. 6 (November/December 1997): 22–43.
______. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003.